1 Specialet fylder 179786 tegn, hvilket svarer til 75 - Aarhus Universitet

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT The main purpose of this thesis is to establish a more precise vocabulary of the term ”linguistic scepticism”. This is done in three different tempi: to begin with, a historical/philosophical introduction to linguistic scepticism and then an analysis of two novels – Austrian author Thomas Bernhard’s Extinction and Irish Samuel Beckett’s Murphy. The historical/philosophical introduction pivots around sprachskepsis as understood by the Irish professor C.A.M Noble. Noble shows that the way we see language and its connection to reality has changed dramatically throughout the last 200 years. Up to the end of the 18 th century, people saw language as a God-given object, but in the romantic era people started misbelieving language and its ability to express metaphysical experiences. This led to a total destruction of language; people stopped thinking that language could convey reality. As a result language was divided into two parts: the language itself and its reference to reality. This linguistic divide is illustrated in the short text “Ein Brief” by the German author Hugo von Hofmannsthal. “Ein Brief” is about the fictional figure Lord Chandos living around the fin-de-siècle in Germany who looses his faith in language. Lord Chandos feels that he cannot speak about the objects of the world anymore and the words in his mouth dissolves “like rotten fungus”. After this historical/philosophical part, the thesis introduces Ludwig Wittgenstein and his thoughts about sprachspiel. Sprachspiel is a term used as “the sum of all sentences and situations where we find language”. Wittgenstein’s sprachspiel is a means to differ between Thomas Bernhard and Samuel Beckett’s two novels. The analysis of novels, Extinction and Murphy, is therefore a search for how Bernhard and Beckett use the language and its reference to reality. The thesis shows that Bernhard’s literature seems to use the missing connection to reality as an opportunity to set the language free and play with words and meaning. The linguistic scepticism in Bernhard’s novel turns into sprachspiel. On the other hand, Samuel Beckett’s novel is destroying the language and his literature wraps in the language in a solipsistic way. For Beckett, the language’s lack of connection to reality is a way to write a literature of nothingness. In this sense, linguistic scepticism presents the ability to write your self free - not only from reality but also from language itself. 68
LITTERATURLISTE Arens, Katherine M. 1982: ”Linguistic scepticism – Towards a productive definition”, IN: Monatshefte, vol. 74, no. 2. Barthes, Roland 1968: Litteraturens nulpunkt, Bibliotek Rhodos. 1980: ”Billedets retorik”, IN: Visuel kommunikation, ved Bent Fausing og Peter Larsen, Medusa. 1983: Det Lyse Kammer, Rævens Sorte Bibliotek. 1985: Om litteraturen, Babette. Beckett, Samuel 1990: Murphy, Gyldendal. Benjamin, Walter 1998: Kulturkritiske essays, Gyldendal. Ben-Zvi, Linda 1980: ”Samuel Beckett, Fritz Mauthner, and the limits of language”, IN: PMLA, Vol. 95, Nr. 2. Bernhard, Thomas 1986: Auslöschung, Suhrkamp Verlag. 1991: Helt enkelt komplicerat och andre texter, Forlaget Norstedts. Med efterskrift af Daniel Birnbaum og Anders Olsson. 1995: Wittgensteins nevø, Gyldendal. 1998: Udslettelse, Husets Forlag. 69
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ET SPROG I KRISE...................
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Ikke desto mindre er det evident, a
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diskurs, som ligner, men ikke mimer
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HVAD ER ET LAND UDEN HAV? Samuel Be
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umuligt at adskille det virkeligt l
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lige, og sproget må derfor bøje s
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Det, der kendetegner Lord Chandos
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sprogskepsis bliver i mødet med de
Page 17 and 18: hauer priser øjeblikket og nuet, d
Page 19 and 20: UDSLETTELSE - EN LÆSNING Thomas Be
Page 21 and 22: med nazi-Tyskland om at deportere o
Page 23 and 24: over for forældrenes og brorens d
Page 25 and 26: Efter samtalen med min elev Gambett
Page 27 and 28: leret tekst. Det tyder dog på, at
Page 29 and 30: heimlich til unheimlich - det hjeml
Page 31 and 32: Trods Muraus udfald mod en stor del
Page 33 and 34: hele taget det eksklusive kunstnerl
Page 35 and 36: um. Udslettelse er fuld af afvæbne
Page 37 and 38: epræsentant for én af de institut
Page 39 and 40: flugtssted, der giver Murau ro i mo
Page 41 and 42: han ”slet ikke [er] denne situati
Page 43 and 44: Fra søstrenes ansigt stråler punc
Page 45 and 46: På samme måde som Thomas Bernhard
Page 47 and 48: MURPHY - EN LÆSNING Lige så vel s
Page 49 and 50: es placering har stor betydning for
Page 51 and 52: den tidslige gengivelse mellem hand
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Page 55 and 56: stemme over formerne og de fysiske
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Page 59 and 60: Ved at nærme sine øjne endnu mere
Page 61 and 62: Linda Ben-Zvi påpeger, at Becketts
Page 63 and 64: HVIS VI IKKE HAR SPROGET, HVAD HAR
Page 65 and 66: Ifølge Mauthner ville det ideelle
Page 67: Bernhard er med Anders Olssons ord
Page 71 and 72: Gray, Richard T. 1986: ”Aphorism
Page 73 and 74: Olsson, Anders 2000: Läsningar av
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1 Specialet fylder 179786 tegn, hvilket svarer til 75 - Aarhus Universitet

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