vgbe energy journal 10 (2022) - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat

Abstracts | Kurzfassungen
New storage technologies in the
energy market
Jan Weustink, Thorben Fohrmann,
Sven Johannssen and Dagmar Thien
The holy grail of energy transformation is not
solely the extension of solar and wind parks.
It is also about the availability of energy when
needed. Therefore, energy storage solutions are
necessary to store the excessive renewable energy
on sunny and windy days to feed this back
into the grid when needed. The major challenge
here is not to store the energy for a day
but rather for weeks or even months as seasonal
storages: Electro-Chemical energy storage like
batteries is expensive in production and limited
in capacity, even if we already see a huge decline
in costs over the past decade especially at
Li-Ion batteries. Instead, other technologies are
evolving to counter the challenges of storing energy.
Among these are thermal storages, where
this heat converts water into steam to drive
conventional steam turbines or the heat is used
for industrial processes or district heating solutions.
Beneficial is the aspect that these thermal
storages can be combined with existing steam
cycle power plants. An important topic remains
to support the national grids with primary and
secondary control. Sector coupling and Power
to X-technologies offer many more opportunities
beyond the energy storage that also will be
discussed in this article.
SFRA as a reliable method for fault
diagnostics on rotating machinery
Lukas Ranzinger
SFRA (sweep-frequency-response-analysis) is
a method for fault diagnosis, which is already
used for transformers due to its sensitivity to
a wide range of faults. Recent investigations
show promising results for the application of
the method on rotating machines. A basic behavior
could be determined and confirmed on
the basis of a model. Furthermore, a transferability
between different machine types and power
classes could be shown. The measurements
are highly accurate and reproducible. SFRA
thus offers the possibility of detecting different
and complicated fault types. The application is
very simple, universal and can be carried out
with little effort. The presented characteristic
trace is used for a better understanding of SFRA
measurements on rotating machines. In addition,
two application cases for concrete fault
detection are presented. Among other, the rotor
angle is used for interpretation, which enables
the evaluation without reference measurement.
Direct and indirect control of process
engineering plants with neural network
Frank Gebhardt
This paper follows up on the presentation at
Uni per from KELI 2020: “Control of a waste
boiler with neural network – First experience
report” and presents further use cases for direct
and indirect control of process plants with neural
network. This is another waste incineration
plant for indirect control with neural network
and new types of plants. Behind them are a
biomass plant (waste wood incineration), a
fluidized bed combustion plant and a gas-fired
power plant.
The following direct and indirect controls of
process plants with neural network are currently
being worked on (1) standard AI operator,
which learns the control interventions
in the process engineering process of the best
human operator and can then execute them
independently after the learning phase. (2) AI
prediction with a new technology, which can
predict process-related process values such as
steam dips, boiler ceiling temperatures, EMI
values such as CO and NOx in the range of up
to half an hour (MW) with the help of a control
system. This technology can be used to perform
predictive human place interventions in the
process, which in turn can be used to train a
new neural network as described in point 1.
Collection and use of digital
information twins for the recommissioning
of fossil-thermal
power plants – Efficient ways for
brownfield re-engineering
Hans Preuss
Scarce resources, changing personnel and multi-shift
operations demand intelligent knowledge
management. The depersonalisation of
information is indispensable for the successful
and safe operation of energy industry plants.
Digitalisation successes are therefore not only
achieved by companies on the cost side, but also
in terms of data availability, process optimisation
and the use of external human resources.
The current political situation and the associated
challenges place further demands on the
digital twin of a fossil-thermal plant.
Analysis of VERA core physics
benchmark problems with DRAGON5
and DONJON5 computer codes
Amjad Ali, Meer Bacha, Ghayoor Ahmed,
Umer Ali, Nadeem Shaukat
and Rustam Khan
This paper presents the validation of open
source codes DRAGON5 and DONJON5 for
Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) through
Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications
(VERA) core physics benchmark problems. The
objective of this study is to validate these codes
prior to reactor core analyses and in-core fuel
management of Pakistan’s operating Nuclear
Power Plants (NPPs). The agreement with reference
provides a valid justification for the application
of these codes to currently operating
commercial power reactors.
Business models
and incentives for CCUS
Stephanie Metzger
Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS)
is considered essential for meeting climate
change mitigation goals, according to the International
Energy Agency (IEA) and the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
However, deployment of CCUS has been slow
worldwide, partly due to a lack of adequate
commercial incentives to encourage investment
in new projects. The development of policies
and incentives to create a compelling business
model for CCUS has therefore been at the centre
of efforts to progress the technology. This report
examines the barriers to CCUS deployment, potential
ownership models, and business models,
policies, and revenue streams that can incentivise
the use of CCUS. Barriers include economic
and market risks, policy risks, and regulatory
risks. Traditional and new ownership models
are explored.
Pre-treatment of coal for efficiency
and emissions improvements
Colin Henderson
Various fuel additives have been developed for
the pretreatment of coal. The aim of the additives
is to improve the combustion performance
of coal and reduce the emissions of pollutants.
The status of four additives is reviewed: Sootaway,
CETALYST A, Addicoal and Silanite.
Three developers, Johnsen Chemicals AS Norway,
Combustion and Emissions Technologies,
LLC, in the USA, and MEA CAPITAL Ltd’s subdivision
COALTECH appear to remain active in
the area. The main market is likely to be smaller,
inefficient boilers and furnaces.
Review vgbe Chemistry
Conference 2022
This year, the vgbe Chemistry Conference took
place for the 58 th time from 25 to 27 October
2022 in Dresden with around 170 participants
from Germany and abroad. New vgbe-Standards,
water treatment, cooling water treatment
and challenges of FGD plants were the focus of
the conference.
vgbe Conference Review Fuels,
Firings and Flue Gas Cleaning 2022
The Conference “Fuels, Firings and Flue Gas
Cleaning 2022” took place on September 28
and 29, 2022 in Hamburg. The range of topics
was accordingly diverse and extended from the
use of sensors for vibration measurement to the
use of different materials and fuels in the boiler
area and the reduction of mercury, dust and SO 2
emissions.
Requirements for capacity expansion
and fuel supply for a future-proof,
secure and climate-friendly electricity
supply in Germany
Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer , Stefan Ulreich
and Tobias Zimmermann
The electricity system in Germany faces two
challenges: a significant increase in demand
for electricity, which is increasingly used for
heating/cooling and in mobility - and a growing
share of highly weather-dependent electricity
generation, which leads to a more complex
balancing between electricity generation and
consumption. As a result, the demand for dispatchable
power will at least not decrease and
power plant capacity to be shut down will have
to be replaced by new dispatchable power. It
is needed for short-term fluctuations and for
seasonally deployable power, since e.g. the demand
for electricity for heating will reinforce
the previous seasonality. In addition to other
solutions such as demand response and electricity
storage, hydrogen-fired gas power plants
are increasingly offering themselves as a solution
- in combination with the use of gas storage
facilities and the international infrastructure for
importing liquid or gaseous energy sources.
6 | vgbe energy journal 10 · 2022