Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors

More documents

Recommendations

Info

226 Chapter 5: Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials Acquired IR spectra are subtracted from a background spectrum to remove unwanted signals, in particular any water present in the ambient. Fig. 5.11 The preparation of a KBr disc for IR spectroscopy. The IR transmittance of the small organic dye molecule 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (molecular weight: 222.24 g/mol) is shown in Fig. 5.12. Most of the peaks are located within the fingerprint region. These peaks can be assigned to different vibrational motions of specific bonds. For example, aromatic compounds like anthracene show stretching of the C-H cm –1 , and several in-plane C-H bending peaks between 1225–950 cm –1 . Peaks observed between 1615 and 1450 cm –1 bonds at wavenumbers between 3130–3070 are attributed to both stretching in the aromatic ring, all of which can be seen in the spectrum. IR spectroscopy is extremely useful for studying materials adsorbed on surfaces, and when they are arranged an ordered fashion as the characteristics peaks differ to those of molecules in solutions.
Transmittance (arb. units) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 HO O 4000 3000 2000 5.2 Electromagnetic Spectroscopy 227 ber (cm -1 Wavenum Wavenumber (cm ) -1 ) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Fig. 5.12 An IR spectrum of an organic molecule (9-anthracene carboxylic acid, shown in the inset). As previously mentioned, an application of IR spectroscopy, which is finding increased use, is monitoring the attachment of organic ligands to inorganic nanoparticles. It has been demonstrated that smaller particles exhibit a flatter and less noisy background spectrum, while lager particles can show absorption well into the near infrared region, which is a characteristic feature of conductive metal particles with larger nanodimensions. 38 Furthermore, the coupling of a molecule to a surface may result in byproducts and changes in the functional groups. As a result, the covalent attachment of nanomaterials to surfaces can be confirmed and quantified using IR spectroscopy, as illustrated in Fig. 5.13. 39
Page 2 and 3:
Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors
Page 4 and 5:
Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh RMIT Univers
Page 6 and 7:
Acknowledgments We have been fortun
Page 8 and 9:
viii Contents Chapter 3: Transducti
Page 10 and 11:
x Contents 5.7.1 Scanning Electron
Page 12 and 13:
xii Contents 7.5 Nano-sensors based
Page 14 and 15:
2 Chapter 1: Introduction Nobel lau
Page 16 and 17:
4 Chapter 1: Introduction Fig. 1.2
Page 18 and 19:
6 Chapter 1: Introduction ensure th
Page 20 and 21:
8 Chapter 1: Introduction ments, th
Page 22 and 23:
10 Chapter 1: Introduction aim is t
Page 24 and 25:
12 Chapter 1: Introduction Referenc
Page 26 and 27:
14 Chapter 2: Sensor Characteristic
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
64 Chapter 3: Transduction Platform
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
100 Chapter 3: Transduction Platfor
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
136 Chapter 4: Nano Fabrication and
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189: 176 Chapter 4: Nano Fabrication and
Page 224 and 225: 212 Chapter 5: Characterization Tec
Page 288 and 289:
276 Chapter 5: Characterization Tec
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Chapter 6: Inorganic Nanotechnology
Page 296 and 297:
6.2 Density and Number of States 28
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
2 6.2 Density and Number of States
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
6.3 Gas Sensing with Nanostructured
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
6.3.7 Surface Modification 6.3 Gas
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
This is the dispersion relation for
Page 344 and 345:
6.4 Phonons in Low Dimensional Stru
Page 346 and 347:
335 vibrational degrees of freedom
Page 348 and 349:
337 ing ballistic transport of elec
Page 350 and 351:
339 Fig. 6.36 Nanoresonators made o
Page 352 and 353:
6.5 Nanotechnology Enabled Mechanic
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
6.6 Nanotechnology Enabled Optical
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
6.7 Magnetically Engineered Spintro
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
ferromagnetic haematite (a form of
Page 376 and 377:
References 365 21 E. Comini, G. Fag
Page 378 and 379:
References 367 58 D. E. Williams an
Page 380 and 381:
References 369 96 J. J. Shi, Y. F.
Page 382 and 383:
Chapter 7: Organic Nanotechnology E
Page 384 and 385:
7.2 Surface Interactions 373 can be
Page 386 and 387:
7.2 Surface Interactions 375 Carbox
Page 388 and 389:
7.2 Surface Interactions 377 Fig. 7
Page 390 and 391:
7.2 Surface Interactions 379 There
Page 392 and 393:
Fig. 7.12 The schematic of physical
Page 394 and 395:
Fig. 7.13 Formation of SAMs. 7.2 Su
Page 396 and 397:
7.2 Surface Interactions 385 ple, t
Page 398 and 399:
7.3 Surface Materials and Surface M
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
7.4 Proteins in Nanotechnology Enab
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
7.4.4 Using Proteins as Nanodevices
Page 424 and 425:
Fig. 7.36 The general structure of
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
+ 7.4 Proteins in Nanotechnology En
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
Page 448 and 449:
7.5 Nano-sensors based on Nucleotid
Page 450 and 451:
Fig. 7.57 The structure of DNA stra
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
7.6 Sensors Based on Molecules with
Page 478 and 479:
7.6 Sensors Based on Molecules with
Page 480 and 481:
7.8 Biomagnetic Sensors 7.8 Biomagn
Page 482 and 483:
7.9 Summary 471 metal oxides, carbo
Page 484 and 485:
References 473 19 T. Kunitake, Ange
Page 486 and 487:
63 J. X. Huang, S. Virji, B. H. Wei
Page 488 and 489:
References 477 105 M. Plomer, G. G.
Page 490 and 491:
References 479 145 R. F. Service, S
Page 492 and 493:
7.8 References 481 185 J. Wang, D.
Page 494 and 495:
Remote plasma enhanced CVD (RPECVD)
Page 496 and 497:
Thin film equivalent circuit ... 32
Page 498 and 499:
Optical waveguides ................
Page 500 and 501:
Semiconductor-semiconductor junctio
Page 502:
About the Authors Dr. Kourosh Kalan
show all

Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?