Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors

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Remote plasma enhanced CVD (RPECVD)......................... 173 Ultra high vacuum CVD........ 173 Chemiluminescence effect ............ 34 Chemisorption ............................ 306 Volkenshtein theory............... 318 Chromatin................................... 440 Chromosomes............................. 440 Colloidal suspensions................. 136 Competitive assay....................... 415 Condensation rate (deposition).. 144 Conductormetric transducer ........ 63 Conformal deposition................. 143 Covalent coupling ...................... 372 Activation............................... 374 Critically damped system ............. 20 Cross-linker................................ 373 Dendritic molecules.................... 465 Density functional theory (DFT) 297 Density of states (DOS)33, 284, 287, 292 In 1D ...................................... 291 In 2D ...................................... 289 In 3D ...................................... 287 Resistance in a 1D structure... 295 Spin ........................................ 358 Surface adsorption ................. 307 Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) .. 436 Base-pairing ........................... 440 Complementary DNA (cDNA) ................................... 447, 450 DNA-inorganic materials Conjugate........................... 455 DNA-Protein Conjugate ........ 452 Hybridization ......................... 443 Molecular wire....................... 459 Mutation................................. 440 Probe ...................................... 443 Replication ............................. 440 Sequencing with nanopores ... 463 Structure................................. 438 Detection limit (static characteristics) ........................ 16 Diatomic lattice.......................... 332 Band-pass mechanical filter......... 332 Index 483 Diode 1D photodiode................299, 352 Array of photodiodes .............268 Laser diode...............................40 Light-emitting diode ..............156 Light-emitting diode (LED).....31 One-dimensional light emitting diode ..................................150 Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)................................34 Photodiode .................31, 77, 107 p-n junction ......................24, 106 Schottky .................................108 Semiconductor laser diode.....156 Direct assay................................415 Dislocation-diffusion theory.......146 Dissolution-condensation method ........................................143, 150 DNA microarray.........................444 DNA technology..........................442 Doppler effect ...............................34 Drift (static characteristics) .........15 Dye-sensitized based devices........26 Dynamic characteristics.........13, 17 Dynamic light scattering (DLS) .241 Dynamic range (also dynamic span) ..................................................17 Effective refractive index (optical)... 67 Effusion cell (Knudsen Cell).......157 Eigen state ..........................286, 335 Electrochemical sensor ..............417 Affinity biosensor ..................416 Carbon nanotube ....................402 DNA ...............................449, 451 Enzyme...................................426 Glucose monitor (enzyme).....424 pH.............................................93 Zirconia based oxygen sensor..92 Electrochemical transducer .........79 Electrochemistry...........................84 Electro-deposition (electroplating) ................................................179 Electroluminescence effect...........31 Electrolyte solution.......................84 Electromagnetic spectroscopy....211
484 Index Absorbance.............................213 Irradiance ...............................213 Mlar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient .........213 Refractive index .....................212 Tansmittance ..........................213 Electron beam lithography (EBL) ................................................194 Electronic energy .......................214 Electronic state............................. 27 Singlet state.............................. 27 Triplet state ..............................27 Electronic structure...................... 27 Electron-phonon interaction ......334 Endothermic process .................... 81 Engines of creation......................... 5 Enzyme................................411, 420 Competitive inhibitor .............422 Feedback inhibition................422 Regulatory molecule ..............422 Substrate.................................420 Enzyme nanopraticle hybrid.......425 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).........414, 420, 453 Equilibrium constant .................... 80 Error (static characteristics)........ 14 Esters ..........................................377 Etching (dry)...............................202 Reactive ion etching (RIE).....203 Sputter etching .......................203 Vapor phase etching...............203 Etching (wet) ..............................202 Evanescent waves......................... 67 Evaporation ................................151 Electron beam evaporation ....153 Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) ...........................................155 Thermal evaporation ..............151 Evaporation-condensation method ........................................143, 144 Exothermic process ...................... 81 Faraday rotation effect................. 54 Faraday-Henry law ...................... 51 Fermi gas....................................285 Field effect transistor (FET)......113, 130, 141, 167, 295, 392 1D structure............................299 Carbon nanotube - DNA ........457 Enzyme feld effect transistors (ENFET) ............................118 Ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) ..............116 Madulation doped...................167 Metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET).........................113 n-channel enhancement MOSFET ...........................................113 Piezo FET...............................339 Field emission display (FED).......32 Figure of merit..............................40 Film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) ...................................121 First order ordinary differential equation (ODE)........................18 Fluorescence.................................27 Near-infrared fluorescence.......28 Focused ion beam (FIB).............195 Force spectroscopy and microscopy (organic materials).................467 Frank-Van der Merwe growth....141 Galvanic cell.................................84 Equilibrium between two halfcells ......................................87 Equilibrium within each half-cell .............................................87 Half-cell....................................84 Hydrogen electrode ..................85 Salt bridge ................................85 Gas sensor 1D structure............................302 Additives to sensitive layer ....323 Conductive polymers (polyaniline).......................399 Conductometric transducers...307 Crystal structure .....................319 Filter .......................................328 Magnetic.................................362 Permeable membrane...............92 SAW response........................127 SnO2 .........................................64 Surface modification ..............325 Thin film.................................304
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Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors
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Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh RMIT Univers
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Acknowledgments We have been fortun
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viii Contents Chapter 3: Transducti
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x Contents 5.7.1 Scanning Electron
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xii Contents 7.5 Nano-sensors based
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2 Chapter 1: Introduction Nobel lau
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4 Chapter 1: Introduction Fig. 1.2
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6 Chapter 1: Introduction ensure th
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8 Chapter 1: Introduction ments, th
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10 Chapter 1: Introduction aim is t
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12 Chapter 1: Introduction Referenc
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14 Chapter 2: Sensor Characteristic
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64 Chapter 3: Transduction Platform
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100 Chapter 3: Transduction Platfor
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136 Chapter 4: Nano Fabrication and
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212 Chapter 5: Characterization Tec
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Chapter 6: Inorganic Nanotechnology
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6.2 Density and Number of States 28
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2 6.2 Density and Number of States
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6.3 Gas Sensing with Nanostructured
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6.3.7 Surface Modification 6.3 Gas
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This is the dispersion relation for
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6.4 Phonons in Low Dimensional Stru
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335 vibrational degrees of freedom
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337 ing ballistic transport of elec
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339 Fig. 6.36 Nanoresonators made o
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6.5 Nanotechnology Enabled Mechanic
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6.6 Nanotechnology Enabled Optical
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6.7 Magnetically Engineered Spintro
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ferromagnetic haematite (a form of
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References 365 21 E. Comini, G. Fag
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References 367 58 D. E. Williams an
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References 369 96 J. J. Shi, Y. F.
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Chapter 7: Organic Nanotechnology E
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7.2 Surface Interactions 373 can be
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7.2 Surface Interactions 375 Carbox
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7.2 Surface Interactions 377 Fig. 7
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7.2 Surface Interactions 379 There
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Fig. 7.12 The schematic of physical
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Fig. 7.13 Formation of SAMs. 7.2 Su
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7.2 Surface Interactions 385 ple, t
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7.3 Surface Materials and Surface M
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7.4 Proteins in Nanotechnology Enab
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7.4.4 Using Proteins as Nanodevices
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Fig. 7.36 The general structure of
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Page 502: About the Authors Dr. Kourosh Kalan
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Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors

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