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Muslim Saints of South Asia: The eleventh to ... - blog blog blog

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GLOSSARY<br />

fatwā a legal opinion issued by a muftī<br />

fiqh religious law, the juridical system <strong>of</strong> Islam<br />

fu’ād heart<br />

futūh˝ unasked gifts and presents <strong>to</strong> the saints and<br />

their hospices<br />

futuwwa chivalrous qualities <strong>of</strong> a youth; the term given<br />

<strong>to</strong> certain organizations <strong>of</strong> artisans; in Sufism<br />

an ethical ideal, which places the spiritual<br />

welfare <strong>of</strong> others before that <strong>of</strong> self<br />

ghaib hidden, mystery<br />

ghawth ‘Helper’ (<strong>of</strong> the Age); the highest rank in<br />

hierarchy <strong>of</strong> saints<br />

ghazal lyrical poem with monorhyme, <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>of</strong> the<br />

Sufi content<br />

ghāzī (pl. ghuzāt) a warrior for faith<br />

ginān devotional poetry <strong>of</strong> the Ismā‘īlīs<br />

Gurdwārā temple and shrine <strong>of</strong> the Sikhs<br />

h˝abs-i dam regulation <strong>of</strong> the breath<br />

h˝adīth tradition going back <strong>to</strong> the Prophet based in<br />

isnād or chain <strong>of</strong> the transmitters<br />

h˝ad˝ra ‘presence’, a Sufi gathering for loud dhikr and<br />

song recitals<br />

H˛ajj ritual pilgrimage <strong>to</strong> Mecca<br />

h˝āl (pl. ah˝wāl) a transi<strong>to</strong>ry spiritual state <strong>of</strong> rapture,<br />

associated with passage along the Sufi Path<br />

h˝aqīqat ‘<strong>The</strong> Reality’, one <strong>of</strong> the stages <strong>of</strong> the Sufi Path<br />

H˛aqq ‘<strong>The</strong> Real’, Sufi term for God<br />

h˝arām sacred, forbidden<br />

H˛ayy the Living<br />

hűjra a chamber, cell <strong>of</strong> a dervish<br />

hűlūl indwelling, infusion <strong>of</strong> God in a creature<br />

H˛ulūlī a heretical sect<br />

Ibāh˝atīya ‘the people <strong>of</strong> incest’, used by medieval<br />

<strong>Muslim</strong> writers for the Carmatians or Ismā‘īlīs<br />

ifţār breaking the fast<br />

ih˝yā al-mawāt reviving the dead; (fig.) bringing waste land<br />

in<strong>to</strong> cultivation<br />

ijāza licence or diploma<br />

ilhām inspiration <strong>of</strong> a human soul by universal Spirit<br />

‘ilm (pl. ‘ulūm) knowledge, science <strong>of</strong> divine things like ‘ilm<br />

al-hadīth<br />

Imām leader in congregational prayer<br />

Imāmbāra a building in which Shī‘a services are held in<br />

commemoration <strong>of</strong> their Imāms<br />

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