CHAPTER 1 1.0 Introduction - DSpace@UM - University of Malaya

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1.7 Stages of Code-Switching Code-switching takes place at word, phrase, clause and sentence levels. The researcher will attempt to give examples from his own data. The definitions are taken from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1991). 1.7.1 Word Level A word is a sound or combination of sounds that expresses a meaning and forms an independent unit of the grammar or vocabulary of a language. Example: 1.7.2 Clause Level U7 R : convection/ ok convection in bahasa what do we call? / U8 SS : perolakan/ (T1U7U8) A group of words that includes a subject and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence. Example: U46 R : the word comes from/ radiate dalam bahasa di panggil apa?/ U47 SS : sinaran/ (T1U46U47) 18
1.7.3 Phrase Level A group of words without a verb especially one that forms part of a sentence. Example: U10 S : gunung berapi/ U11 R : yes volcanic eruptions lets try these questions on the importance of science/ mengapa sains itu sangat penting?/ (T3U10U11) A group of words that includes a subject and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence. Example: 1.7.4 Sentence Level U46 R : the word comes from/ radiate dalam bahasa di panggil apa?/ U47 SS : sinaran/ (T1U46U47) It is the largest unit of a grammar, usually containing a subject, a verb an object and expressing a statement, question or command. Example: U1 R : can anyone tell me what is science?/ U2 S : sains ilmu mengkaji/ (T3U1U2) 19
Page 1 and 2: 1.0 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Malaysia
Page 3 and 4: Jacobson and Safiah (1987) stated t
Page 5 and 6: schools were taken over by the Brit
Page 7 and 8: In the 19 th century, a large numbe
Page 9 and 10: (i) to promote a national school sy
Page 11 and 12: joining Form 1 classes. The curricu
Page 13 and 14: 1.3 The Significance of the study C
Page 15 and 16: The study was conducted in a privat
Page 17: The researcher feels it is a bit di
Page 21 and 22: 2.0 Introduction CHAPTER 2 Literatu
Page 23 and 24: (iii) What must you do? Examples of
Page 25 and 26: 2.2 Sociolinguistic Studies on Code
Page 27 and 28: It is evident that the sub-consicio
Page 29 and 30: call it conversational code-switchi
Page 31 and 32: esearcher feels that the children a
Page 33 and 34: The analysis of the data shows that
Page 35 and 36: Mary Tay’s (1993) research is bas
Page 37 and 38: 2.9 Conclusion Many local and forei
Page 39 and 40: 3.0 Introduction CHAPTER 3 METHODOL
Page 41 and 42: 3.2 Procedure of Research Before th
Page 43 and 44: The researcher opted to collect the
Page 45 and 46: 3.6.1 Audio Recording The data that
Page 47 and 48: Each switch was counted as an insta
Page 49 and 50: 3.7.2 Qualitative Approach The qual
Page 51 and 52: 4.1 Subjects The subjects of the st
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.2 Background of Subjects The su
Page 55 and 56: 4.1.3 Language Acquisition of Subje
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.5: Survey of Language Use W
Page 59 and 60: for teaching and learning (v) to sa
Page 61 and 62: Table 4.9: Audio Recordings Subject
Page 63 and 64: formation of lightning/ kilat/ form
Page 65 and 66: The examples taken from T1-U54-R ar
Page 67 and 68: 4.4.4 To establish relationship, hu
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L : metal in a liquid form/ mercury
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4.5.3 To encourage students to part
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The examples above show that the hu
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4.6.2 Background of Students Furthe
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T1U58R SENTENCE lapan kali/ kalau b
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CLAUSE T19U3L non luminous is very
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4.7.1 Bilingual Educator R1 Switch
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4.7.3 Bilingual Educator L1 Switch
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4.8 Frequency of Language use in Co
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In the study, the researcher identi
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language and the English language t
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Text books and revision books are w
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Certificate of Education (LCE) is a
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pupils. These activities should inc
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5.3 For Further Investigations The
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Bibliography Asmah Haji Omar. 1982.
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Kamwangamalu, Nkonko Mudipanau. (19
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Poplack, Shana. (1980). “Sometime
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