3 The New York Years (1931–1953)

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The Family 9 court system. He had a brilliant career and, although he was only 49 years old when he died from cancer of the kidneys on 1 July 1917, was to be appointed to Germany’s supreme court in Leipzig. His library comprised several thousand volumes, particularly the subjects of history, philosophy, and the classics. On Sundays he would read Homer in the Greek original, without a dictionary. “He was a gymnast,” Ernst Mayr recalls, “belonging to the local sports club, was one of the pioneers of skiing in Germany (he bought his skis in Norway) and he wasanenthusiasticmountaineer.HeservedintheBavarianGuardRegimentand later was a reserve officer in the army, but when war broke out in 1914, he was too old and ill to serve, much to his regret. He was not at all severe with us children, indeed I have the feeling that my mother was more or less running the show.” Ernst Mayr’s mother, Helene Pusinelli, was born of German parents in Le Havre, France, on 22 July 1870 and died in Bad Boll, Germany, on 31 May 1952. She was a member of a well-known Dresden family. An Italian ancestor, Anton Pusinelli (1790–1828), had come to Germany from Nesso, a village on the eastern shore of Lake Como (northernmost Italy). In 1809, he settled in Dresden where his older brother Carlo owned a wine restaurant, which Anton took over after Carlo’s death in 1812. Anton married Caroline Brügner (1790–1853) from Torgau and they had six children, four girls and two boys, of whom the older one, Carl Anton Pusinelli (1815–1878), became a rather wealthy pediatrician to the Saxon court in Dresden and a close friend of the composer Richard Wagner (1813–1883). Carl Anton treated quite successfully the children of the Saxon princes and had the title “Hofrat,” but was not an employee of the court. His younger brother was Carl Louis (1820–1879), Ernst Mayr’s grandfather. When Carl Louis was 23 years old, he left Dresden and established an import-export business in Le Havre, France, during the late 1840s. Upon a visit to his hometown in 1852, he married Camilla Leonhardt (1833–1891), the daughter of his former boss in Dresden, and they had 11 children. The next-to-youngest was Helene Pusinelli, Ernst Mayr’s mother. She was only a few weeks old when the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) broke out. The family was expelled and returned (via Rotterdam and Hamburg) to Dresden where, through his family connections, Carl Louis Pusinelli became the director of a local bank. He had owned a profitable wholesale business in France and had suffered substantial losses because of the expulsion. However, eventually he became quite affluent through considerable compensations from reparation payments. He died in 1879 of stomach cancer. His daughter Helene, her four sisters (another one had died early) and five brothers grew up in Dresden and in part lived there later. Her uncle and a cousin were medical doctors. However, all the family fortune, invested in government securities at the beginning of World War I, was lost due to hyperinflation during the 1920s. The early Mayrs were members of the Catholic Church. Because the grandfather Otto Mayr had married the Protestant Minna Müller, their three children became members of a Protestant church, too. The Pusinellis in Dresden belonged to the reformed Protestant church. They too had originally been Catholic. How did the Mayr lineage in Bavaria and the Pusinelli lineage in the distant Saxon city of Dresden meet? The best friend of Dr. Otto Mayr (OM 2) in Bavaria
10 1 Childhood and Youth J. Schieblich 1780–1851 J. Schieblich m. 1775–1832 Merchant Sophia Kaempfe 1754–1798 Christian Brügner m. 1756–1828 Tax collector Anna Pflieger 1773–1849 Aloys Müller m. 1765–1854 Teacher W. Bitzer 1765–1829 Joseph Mayr m. 1772–1823 Farmer Johann Leonhardt m. J. Schacht 1749–1799 1765–1805 Merchant Francesco Pusinelli m. Maria Zambra 1740–1818 1744–1829 Farmer Anna Hartmann 1779–1863 Johann Gruber m. 1767–1840 Merchant A. Siegel 1780–1819 Cornelius Haberstock m. 1776–1839 Paper maker Christiane Schieblich 1801–1834 Karl Leonhardt m. 1792–1856 Merchant Caroline Brügner 1790–1853 Anton Pusinelli m. 1790–1828 Merchant Bonifazius Müller m. Bertha Gruber 1805–1860 1813–1895 Physician Josefa Haberstock 1808–1884 Johann Mayr m. 1807–1864 Physician Camilla Leonhardt 1833–1891 Carl Louis Pusinelli m. 1820–1879 Merchant Wilhelmine Müller 1847–1928 Otto Mayr m. OM1, 1833–1912 Physician Helene Pusinelli 1870–1952 Otto Mayr m. OM2, 1867–1917 Supreme court justice Dora Mayr (1871–1934) m. August Selle Hermann Mayr 1873–1914 Physician Hans Mayr (1906–1954) State prosecutor Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) Biologist m. Margarete Simon (1912–1990) Otto Mayr (1901–1985) Engineer OM3 m. Dorothea Grunau (1905–1983) Christa Mayr (*1936) m. Gerhart Menzel (*1930) ( Wendy, Christoph, Niki) Susanne Mayr (*1937) m1 Stanley Harrison (*1936) ( Michael, Rebecca ) m2 Ron Cowan (*1934) Otto Mayr ( OM4,*1930) Ulrike Mayr (*1936) Roswitha Mayr (*1937) Jörg Mayr (*1940)
Page 2 and 3: Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Expeditions to New Guinea and the S
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Part II Ornithologist and Evolution
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4 Ornithologist and Zoogeographer B
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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