3 The New York Years (1931–1953)

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Expeditions to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands 49 Fig.2.3. Ernst Mayr, 1927, a few months before leaving Germany for New Guinea (Archive, Museum of Natural History Berlin, Orn. 103, 1) on an expedition. Plans of travels to Cameroon (with the ethnographer Günther Tessmann) or toPeru (with thegeologist Harvey Bassler) failed. At theInternational Zoological Congress in Budapest (October 1927), Stresemann introduced Ernst Mayr to Lord Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert and convinced them that he would be the best man to continue A. F. Eichhorn’s work in New Guinea (this collector for Lord Rothschild had retired owing to illness). This was going to be Mayr’s great chance. He was 23 years old now (Fig. 2.3). Back to Berlin he wrote to E. Hartert on 22 October 1927 (transl.): Dear Dr. Hartert! You can hardly imagine how overjoyed I was by your and Lord Rothschild’s assent. For years it has been my loftiest goal some time to be able to conduct a scientific expedition and to become acquainted with those birds in life whose
50 2 The Budding Scientist skins have impressed us in the museums as very special rarities. Hopefully I will not have any difficulties to get used to the high Papuan diversity, because I have a very sharp eye sight and an excellent ear for bird voices. So I hope that my journey will have the success which you expect. […] The steamer of the North German Lloyd will depart from Genoa on 7 February. […] I hope to be able to collect extensively in the moss forest and around the tree limit. I believe this is where the best things occur. I am a rather persevering climber. For example, I’ve made excursions in the Dolomites without special fatigue recently: 10 km approach [on foot], then the ascent from 1,000 m elevation to 2,400mfollowedbythedescentandamarchof15km.LastSunday,Iwalked 40 km and would have been able to continue easily for another 10–15 km. I mention this only to show you that I am not afraid of the mountains, as has happened in the case of certain collectors. […] Cordially greeting you, your gratefully obedient, Ernst Mayr. Mayr’s first goal was the Arfak Mountains in the Vogelkop region (NW New Guinea) to look for certain “rare birds of paradise.” The expedition was financed jointly by the Rothschild Museum and the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Hartert informed Dr. Sanford, Trustee of the AMNH, on 25 October 1927 as follows: Dear Dr. Sanford, [… Instead of Dr. H. Snethlage who has taken a position at a museum and is unavailable] I have found another man, probably even better, in the person of Dr. Mayr. He is attached to the Berlin Museum as an assistant, but the authorities are willing to give him a year’s leave. The expedition will not cost more than L 1000 and probably less. Dr. Mayr is an ornithologist and a young, very active and decent man whom I know personally, in fact he was also at Budapest for the Congress. I have arranged for him to come to Tring for ten or fifteen days to get full instructions and to make the acquaintance of some of the especially rare birds from that region. I have also seen Dr. Dammermann, Director of the Buitenzorg Museum in Java, and he is willing to let him have at least one of their Malay skinners and will assist him with recommendations, permission to stay free of charge in government stations etc. There is one condition, however, that is that they get some duplicates of the birds collected for the Buitenzorg Museum, that is that after the division into two lots, one for Tring and one for your museum, the Buitenzorg Museum is to get a third pick. It will not affect the first two lots in species, only diminishing the numbers of specimens. The help of the Dutch officials is so important that we have decided to agree to this condition and I trust that you will also agree. […] With kind regards from Lord Rothschild, Believe me, Yours sincerely, [E.H.] In late November Mayr went to Tring, England: “My instruction sessions with Hartert went fine with one exception. One time he took a gun, and gave me a gun, and said, let us go out and shoot some pheasants.
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
Page 8 and 9: Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
Page 10 and 11: Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
Page 12 and 13: 2 Introduction and speciation, the
Page 14 and 15: 4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
Page 16 and 17: Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
Page 18 and 19: The Family 9 court system. He had a
Page 20 and 21: The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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Page 24 and 25: Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
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Page 30 and 31: Birdwatching 21 he simply smoked ci
Page 32 and 33: University Student in Greifswald an
Page 42 and 43: Friendships at School and Universit
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Page 46 and 47: TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
Page 48 and 49: Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Page 102 and 103: Part II Ornithologist and Evolution
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100 3 The New York Years (1931-1953
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4 Ornithologist and Zoogeographer B
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142 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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244 6 Life in North America during
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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256 7 The Harvard Years (1953-2005)
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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284 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man his coll
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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390 References Haffer J (1997a) Ess
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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394 References Olson SL (1975) The
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396 References Smith JJ (1936) Eric
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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3 The New York Years (1931–1953)

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