3 The New York Years (1931–1953)

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Acknowledgments IamdeeplygratefultoErnstMayrwithwhomIcorrespondedsincetheearly 1960s. I was always astonished that despite his busy schedule as Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, he would take time to answer my enquiries in detail. I met him at Harvard University in 1968 and discussed aspects of speciation and evolution with him when we met several times in the United States and in Germany in later years. I also thank him for his contributions to this volume and forhispermissiontoreviewmaterialintheMayrPapersattheErnstMayrLibrary (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) as well as portions of his correspondence at the Harvard University Archives. During visits to Cambridge and Bedford, Massachusetts in September 2003 and October 2004, we discussed an early version of this manuscript. I was also permitted to use a 12-page manuscript by Margarete (Gretel) Mayr, Ernst’s wife, on “Our life in America during the Second World War.” Their daughters Mrs. Christa Menzel and Mrs. Susanne Mayr Harrison also supplied additional information. Mrs. Harrison mentioned to me details of the family’s frequent visits to Cold Spring Harbor (New York) during the 1940s and Mrs. Menzel and her husband Gerhart Menzel kindly showed me The Farm near Wilton, New Hampshire. Mrs. Harrison also provided prints and electronic files of family photographs and reviewed various parts of the manuscript. I thank the nephews Dr. Otto Mayr and Dr. Jörg Mayr who maintain a family archive in Lindau, Germany, for historical photographs and data regarding the family. Ernst Mayr’s niece Roswitha Kytzia (née Mayr) and her husband Peter Kytzia (Hammersbach near Hanau, Germany), who served as E. Mayr’s main family contact in Germany during the last 20 years, also furthered this project and helped with various information. At the American Museum of Natural History (New York), Ms. Mary LeCroy of the Department of Ornithology kindly placed at my disposal relevant documents such as the unpublished reports of members of the Whitney South Sea Expedition (1920– 1940), the annual reports of the department during the 1930s and its historical correspondence files. She also helped in locating historical photographs, answering questions regarding several collecting sites in New Guinea, and sent information on certain birds that Mayr had obtained on one of the Solomon Islands in 1929. She also sent me taxonomic notes on several subspecies of birds described by Mayr and later synonymized by other authors. I am very grateful for her help and substantial contributions. I take this opportunity to also thank the curators of the Department of Ornithology (AMNH) for their support during many visits in the course of the last 40 years.
Acknowledgments 383 Walter Bock (Columbia University, New York) answered many questions based on his intimate knowledge of Ernst Mayr’s work. He spent much time editing my manuscript and commenting on numerous aspects discussed. Mrs. Amélie Koehler (Freiburg), M. Glaubrecht (Museum of Natural History, Berlin), and Ms. M. LeCroy (New York) also read most of this manuscript and suggested many improvements of the text. R. Bruckert (Départment Mamifères et Oiseaux, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) provided from his data file a printout of taxonomic bird names introduced by E. Mayr and R. Creath (Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona) permitted me to quote from his interview with Marjorie Sturm, Mayr’s administrative assistant while he was Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. S. Eck (deceased; formerly at the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden) reported on Mayr’s high school in Dresden and procured copies of several articles published in local journals; F. Steinheimer (Berlin) informed me about certain correspondence between E. Hartert and E. Mayr held by the Natural History Museum, London; J. Neumann (Neubrandenburg) provided information on several Saxon ornithologists of the 1920s; O. Kraus (Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg) informed me on the early history of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature; W. Meise (deceased; formerly in Hamburg) permitted to quote from his correspondence; Ms. Alison Pirie (Department of Ornithology; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) was very helpful during my visit to Cambridge and Bedford. Ms. M. Macari (Cold Spring Harbor, New York) sent information on Cold Spring Harbor Biological Laboratory and the Ernst Mayr Dining Room. G. Stresow (Diessen, Germany) told me of his memories of E. Mayr in New York during the early 1930s. I am also grateful to T. Junker (Frankfurt a.M.) for discussions and copies of certain useful documents and to U. Kutschera (Department of Biology, University of Kassel) who helped in various ways during the final stages of the preparation of this book. My wife Maria Haffer accepted many inconveniences while I was working on this project. The following persons in charge of the respective archives permitted access to correspondence and my quoting selected paragraphs: P.J. Becker (Manuscript Division, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin), H. Landsberg and S. Hackethal (Historische Bild- und Schriftgutsammlungen, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin), Ms. M. Gachette (Harvard Archives, Pusey Library), Mrs. C. A. Rinaldo (Ernst Mayr Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), andMrs.S.Snell(Archive,NaturalHistoryMuseum,London).TheLibraryDepartment (American Museum of Natural History, New York) authorized the publication of various photographs and Karen Klitz (Archives; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley) permitted me to quote from a letter by E. Mayr to J. Grinnell.
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
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Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
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Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
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2 Introduction and speciation, the
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4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
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Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
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The Family 9 court system. He had a
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The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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The Family 13 where they learned La
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Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
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Birdwatching 17 Fig.1.5. ErnstMayr
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Birdwatching 19 Fig.1.6. Ernst Mayr
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Birdwatching 21 he simply smoked ci
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University Student in Greifswald an
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Friendships at School and Universit
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2 The Budding Scientist PhD Thesis
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TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Assistant Curator at the Museum of
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Expeditions to New Guinea and the S
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Part II Ornithologist and Evolution
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4 Ornithologist and Zoogeographer B
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142 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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244 6 Life in North America during
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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256 7 The Harvard Years (1953-2005)
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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268 8 Evolutionary Biology—Mayr
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284 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man his coll
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286 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man addresse
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288 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man undertak
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292 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man His hand
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294 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Prize (1
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296 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the inte
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298 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man I have s
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300 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.4.
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302 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man not mali
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304 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man papers d
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306 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man 2005. Me
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308 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.5b
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310 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man health i
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312 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man person a
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314 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man with a r
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316 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man conceptu
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318 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the two
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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Page 392 and 393: List of Abbreviations AAAS American
Page 394 and 395: 386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
Page 396 and 397: 388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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Page 408 and 409: Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Page 412 and 413: Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
Page 414 and 415: Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
Page 416 and 417: Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Page 422 and 423: Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Page 428 and 429: Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Page 434 and 435: Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
Page 436 and 437: Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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3 The New York Years (1931–1953)

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