3 The New York Years (1931–1953)

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246 6 Life in North America during World War II Fig.6.1. Ernst Mayr on Blackford Porch, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1950 (Photograph courtesy of E. Mayr) supervision from the other children. Adults were also usually nearby. Children could entertain themselves at the water or in the woodlands. Even young children attended some afternoon seminars and listened to the adults talk science. As adolescents, the Mayr girls both worked as lab assistants in the Bio Lab, washing Petri dishes and sterilizing equipment. After the Mayr family had moved to Cambridge in 1953, their younger daughter spent two summers in CSH during college vacations working at the Bio Lab on her own. Ernst Mayr’s reminiscences of five friends from the days at CSH follow below: A. Buzzati-Traverso, E. Caspari, M. Delbrück, B. Wallace, and C. Stern: (1) Adriano Buzzati-Traverso (1913–1983): “Adriano was my closest Italian friend. We met in Cold Spring Harbor and we were equally interested in modern population genetics. Adriano, however, in contrast to many others, tended to study the genetics of wild populations and was very much interested in scientists who worked on freshwater organisms or like myself on birds.
Cold Spring Harbor (1943–1952) 247 In 1951, he invited me to give a series of lectures in Pavia, which were subsequently published. I was put up at the Collegio Ghislieri, a renaissance palace, very elegant, but not heated after the 1st of April, not heated. I nearly froze to death. They put an electric heater on the podium where I lectured. The Po Valley can be extremely cold, even in April. Adriano was always full of plans of how to bring Italy up to the international level of research. He wanted to have his own institute in Naples funded by UNESCO but attached to the University of Rome. The genetics establishment at Rome didn’t want to have this separate institute, but Adriano was afraid that if it was under the director of the genetics department at Rome he could not carry out his plans. This ruined the last years of his life. He died rather unexpectedly and rather young of liver cancer in 1983. Adriano was always full of plans and full of ideas. It was always fun to talk with him. As a person he was very simpático.” (2) Ernst Caspari (1909–1988): “One of the greatest pleasures of the summers that Gretel and I spent at Cold Spring Harbor was that we met there just about every summer also the Casparis. He was one of Alfred Kühn’s most prominent students and some historians believe that he should be given credit for discovering the one-gene-one-enzyme relationship. Being Jewish, he was driven from Germany, and eventually found a haven in Rochester. His original research never reached again the heights of his success in Germany. Caspari was a broadly interested and widely read biologist, intelligent and critical, and was particularly good in writing review articles. His wife Hansi was also German Jewish, and Gretel and I found that we were very close in our thinking in most matters, so we were in each other’s company most of the time. Caspari, in contrast to the phage group, was one of those who were at once convinced by Avery’s demonstration that DNA was the genetic material and he quickly convinced me also. Whenever I had problems in experimental zoology or physiological genetics, I always discussed them with Caspari. He was an inveterate smoker and eventually he developed cancer of the bladder and succumbed to it after a long struggle.” (3) Max Delbrück (1906–1981): “As with Caspari, it was Cold Spring Harbor which brought Gretel and me together with Max and Manny Delbrück. We saw them there virtually every summer in the 1940’s and up to 1950. As everyone knows, Max was a charismatic figure, almost always surrounded by a group of his admirers. Although trained as a physicist, he had become interested in biology through Niels Bohr in Copenhagen who always thought that there were some undiscovered physical laws lurking in living organisms. This is well described by Lily Kay (1985) in a paper on Max Delbrück. In Max’ lab no experiment was ever made without having been thoroughly analyzed in an almost Socratic manner. If the experiment would not lead to clear-cut results it was not to be done. Whenever anybody attended his seminar he could expect afterwards a severe dissection by Delbrück. I remember a paper presented by Alex Novikoff who argued against extreme reductionism and in favor of higher levels of integration. Alas, Novikoff was too far ahead of his time and Delbrück massacred him unmercifully.
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
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Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
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Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
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2 Introduction and speciation, the
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4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
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Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
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The Family 9 court system. He had a
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The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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The Family 13 where they learned La
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Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
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Birdwatching 17 Fig.1.5. ErnstMayr
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Birdwatching 19 Fig.1.6. Ernst Mayr
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Birdwatching 21 he simply smoked ci
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University Student in Greifswald an
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Friendships at School and Universit
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2 The Budding Scientist PhD Thesis
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TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Assistant Curator at the Museum of
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Expeditions to New Guinea and the S
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Part II Ornithologist and Evolution
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4 Ornithologist and Zoogeographer B
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142 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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Page 274 and 275: 8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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296 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the inte
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298 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man I have s
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300 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.4.
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302 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man not mali
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304 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man papers d
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306 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man 2005. Me
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308 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.5b
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310 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man health i
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312 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man person a
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314 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man with a r
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316 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man conceptu
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318 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the two
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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390 References Haffer J (1997a) Ess
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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394 References Olson SL (1975) The
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396 References Smith JJ (1936) Eric
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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