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258 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. relation to heaven here remained apparent. See Sontn. Scip., HI, 4; IV, 3. 79. Cf. Rev. archeol, 1888, I, pp. 184 ff. ; Pauly-Wissowa, s. v. "Aeternus," and Festschrift fur Otto Benndorf, 1898, p. 291. The idea of the eternity of the gods also appeared very early in Egypt, but it does not seem that the mysteries of Isis in which the death of Osiris was commemorated made it prominent, and it certainly was spread in the Occident only by the sidereal cults. 80. The question has been raised whether the epithet means "lord of the world" or "lord of eternity" (cf. Lidz- barski, Ephemeris, I, 258; II, 297; Lagrange, p. 508), but in our opinion the controversy is to no purpose, since in the spirit of the Syrian priests the two ideas are inseparable and one expression in itself embraces both, the world being con ceived as eternal (supra, n. 76). See for Egypt, Horapoll., Hieroglyph., I (serpent as symbol of the aluv and /co<r/ios). At Palmyra, too, the title "lord of all" is found, 3 fcOD (Lidzbarski, loc. cit.) ; cf. Julian, Or., IV, p. 203, 5 (Hertlein) : *0 0a<7i\eus ruv 6\uv "HXtos, and infra, n. 81 ; n. 87. Already at Babylon the title "lord of the universe" was given and Hadad ; see Jastrow, Religion Babyloniens, I, p. 254, n. 10. to Shamash Noldeke has been good enough to write me as follows on this subject: "Daran kan kein Zweifel sein, dass D^V zunachst (lange Zeit) Ewigkeit heisst, und dass die Bedeutung Welt secundar ist. Ich halte es daher fiir so gut wie gewiss dass das palmyrenische ND^y N"1D wenn es ein alter Name ist, den ewigen Herrn bedeutet, wie ohne Zweifel D^V ^K, Gen., xxi. 33. Das biblische Hebriiisch kennt die Bedeutung Welt noch nicht, abgesehen wohl von der spaten Stelle, Eccl. iii. n. Und, so viel ich sehe, ist im Palmyrenischen sonst KE^JJ immer Ewigkeit, z. B. in der haufigen Redensart NE^ HOt? T"Q5- Aber das daneben vorkommende palmyr. $2 fcOD fiihrt allerdings darauf, dass die palmyrenische Inschrift auch in KD^>y KID den Herrn der \Velt sah. Ja der syrische Uebersetzer sieht auch in jenem hebraischen D^iy 5$ *den Gott der Welt. Das Syrische hat namlich einen formalen Unterschied festgestellt zwischen l alam, dem Status absolutus, Ewigkeit, und almd [al e ma] dem Status emphaticus Welt/ Sollte iibrigens die
NOTES SYRIA. 259 Bedeutung Welt diesem Worte erst durch Einfluss griechischer Speculation zu Teil geworden sein? In der Zingirli-Inschrift bedeuted D^>2 noch bloss in seiner Zeit. " 81. Cf. CIL, III, 1090 Dessau, Inscr., 2998: "Divinarum humanarumque rerum rectori." Compare ibid., 2999 and Cagnet, Annee epigr., 1905, No. 235 : "I. O. M., id est universitatis principi." Cf. the article of the Archiv cited, n. 73. The As- clepius says (c. 39), using an astrological term: "Caelestes dii catholicorum dominantur, terreni incolunt singula." 82. Cf. W. Robertson Smith, 75 ff., passim. In the Syrian religions as in that of Mithra, the initiates regarded each other as members of the same family, and the phrase "dear brethren" as used by our preachers, was already in use among the votaries of Jupiter Dolichenus (fratres carissimos, CIL, VI, 406 = 30758). 83. Renan mentioned this fact in his Apotrcs, p. 297 = Jour nal Asiatiquc, 1859, p. 259. Cf. Jalabert, Mel. faculte orient. Beyrout, I, 1906, p. 146. 84. This is the term (virtutes) used by the pagans. See the inscription Numini et virtutibus del aeterni as reconstructed in Revue de Philologie, 1902, p. 9; Archiv fiir Religionsw., loc. cit t P- 335 i and infra, ch. VIII, n. 20. 85. CIL, VII, 759 Biicheler, Carm. epig., 24. Cf. Lucian, De dea Syria, 32. 86. Macrobius, Sat., I, 23, 17: "Nominis (Adad) interpre- tatio significat unus unus." 87. Cicero, Somnium Scip., c. 4: "Sol dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum, mens mundi et temperatio." Pliny, H. N., II, 6, 12: "Sol. . . .siderum ipsorum caelique rector. Hunc esse mundi totius animam ac planius mentem, hunc principale naturae regimen ac numen credere decet," etc. Julian of Laodicea, Cat. codd. astr., I, p. 136, i> nal 1. I : rjyefjiuv rov avuiravro^ ufaiiov nadear^^ iravruv rcavruv <bv yevFaiapxW- 88. We are here recapitulating some conclusions of a study on La theologie solaire du paganismc remain published in Me moircs des savants et rangers prcscntcs a 1 Acad. des Inscr., XII, 2d part, pp. 447 ff., Paris, 1910.
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ORIENTAL RELIGIONS IN ROMAN PAGANIS
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80S Co*> COPYRIGHT BY THE OP
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTIO
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INTRODUCTION. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF F
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INTRODUCTION. philosophy, religion,
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INTRODUCTION. the death of the wick
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INTRODUCTION. a summary from Classi
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INTRODUCTION. Kill ;, Farnell, and
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PREFACE. IN November, 1905, the Col
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PREFACE. XV11 about purification em
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PREFACE. XIX An illustration will m
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PREFACE. XXI morality viewed from t
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PREFACE. XXlll ities, but to attain
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. TN t
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2 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. vicinity
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4 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. apparatus
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v/ 6 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tivate
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8 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Assyrian
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10 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to-day p
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12 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. and cert
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14 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the stud
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16 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS calumnies
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\l 18 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. sculp
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WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SPREAD.
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j 22 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. but it
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24 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ing. Ita
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* ; 26 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pose
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!, above 28 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS.
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30 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. and lost
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J 32 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Maneth
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34 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. popular
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36 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. a-nd res
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38 , THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Varro,
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40 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. else it
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42 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. administ
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44 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Compared
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ASIA MINOR. r T A HE first Oriental
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48 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. celebrat
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1 50 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. The re
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V 52 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. The en
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54 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Iris. Li
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56 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. suspicio
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58 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ern fire
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60 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Another
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(52 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. founded
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64 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Minor, w
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66 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. teries,
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68 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. modified
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70 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. selves i
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72 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. shower b
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74 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. know ver
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76 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. edifying
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78 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tiquity
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80 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Asia Min
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82 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tain in
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84 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. shaking
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86 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. transfer
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88 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. blichus
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90 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ond cent
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92 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pected t
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94 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. statues,
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96 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. his name
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98 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. was the
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100 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. fate of
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102 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. refresh
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104 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. gatis,
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106 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. waited
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108 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Spain.
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110 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. as Turk
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112 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. legiona
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114 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. conside
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116 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of the
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118 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ingenio
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120 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the Rom
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122 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. also ha
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124 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ceived
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126 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. it shar
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128 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Caelus,
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130 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. born to
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132 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. life fu
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134 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to send
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136 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. duel be
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138 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Orienta
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140 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of road
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142 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. people
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THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ia Minor wa
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146 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Aramaic
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148 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. "J
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v 150 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. entir
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152 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Mithrai
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154 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tempter
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156 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. in the
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158 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ness an
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160 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. flnence
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ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. WHEN we consid
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164 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. prophet
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166 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the moo
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168 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. would h
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170 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. it impl
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172 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pathy,
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174 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. assimil
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176 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. time, b
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178 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to asce
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180 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. alive a
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182 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Ananke.
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184 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. was par
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186 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. yoking
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188 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. clergy
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190 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. them.?
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROMAN PAGANIS
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198 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. nal red
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200 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. feature
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202 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. minds.
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204 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of a rh
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-4 J 206 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. br
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Page 245 and 246: NOTES. PREFACE. 1. We are indebted
Page 247 and 248: NOTES ROME AND THE ORIENT. 215 zwei
Page 249 and 250: NOTES ROME AND THE ORIENT. 217 rb t
Page 251 and 252: NOTES WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SP
Page 253 and 254: NOTES WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SP
Page 255 and 256: NOTES ASIA MINOR. 223 gressive diff
Page 257 and 258: NOTES ASIA MINOR. 225 7. The develo
Page 259 and 260: NOTES ASIA MINOR. 227 tainly was un
Page 261 and 262: NOTES EGYPT. 229 where may be found
Page 263 and 264: NOTES EGYPT. 231 (Dc Decal., 16, II
Page 265 and 266: NOTES EGYPT. 233 fifth century are
Page 267 and 268: NOTES EGYPT. 235 tained that these
Page 269 and 270: NOTES EGYPT. 237 cient Egyptian ser
Page 271 and 272: NOTES EGYPT. 239 366 fif.). On a ta
Page 273 and 274: NOTES SYRIA. 241 which stands both
Page 275 and 276: NOTES SYRIA. 243 I4i6s 8 . Inscript
Page 277 and 278: IV, 2). Cf. Patily-Wissowa, Realenc
Page 279 and 280: NOTES SYRIA. 247 futable testimony.
Page 281 and 282: NOTES SYRIA. 249 1907, No. 48) has
Page 283 and 284: NOTES SYRIA. 251 karth), and of a P
Page 285 and 286: NOTES SYRIA. 253 astrological relig
Page 287 and 288: NOTES SYRIA. 255 persons of the sta
Page 289: NOTES SYRIA. 257 heaven among the S
Page 293 and 294: NOTES PERSIA. 261 instance, through
Page 295 and 296: NOTES PERSIA. 263 with excellent no
Page 297 and 298: NOTES PERSIA. 265 p. 591 Lidzbarski
Page 299 and 300: NOTES PERSIA. 267 cium (Jahresh. In
Page 301 and 302: NOTES PERSIA. 269 45. Cf. Bousset,
Page 303 and 304: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 271 anti
Page 305 and 306: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 273 23.
Page 307 and 308: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 275 fur
Page 309 and 310: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 277 froA
Page 311 and 312: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 279 serv
Page 313 and 314: NOTES THE TRANSFORMATION OF PAGANIS
Page 319 and 320: NOTES THE TRANSFORM.\TIOX OF PAGANI
Page 321 and 322: Ablutions, Ritualistic, 208. Absolu
Page 323 and 324: Carpentum of Cybele, 225 n. 20. Cat
Page 325 and 326: egory of Tours, 108. uppe, xiii. ad
Page 327 and 328: Minucius Felix, 84. Mithra, x, 22,
Page 329 and 330: Sacrifice, Human, 119. Sagittarius,
Page 333: BL Q05 G813 cop. 2 209104216010 )UL
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