Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 103 The roman numerals, letters and numbers correspond to the sanctuaries and MPAs listed and described in Table 5.2. Figure 5.2 Map of Marine Region 1: Antarctic MPAs and sanctuaries Victoria Land coast of the Ross Sea, and the marine waters bordering Cape Royds in McMurdo Sound (marine areas some 1640 ft (500 m) from shore). Orcas and minke whales do visit these areas. Both of these sites are valuable for various reasons but, in terms of specifically protecting significant cetacean habitat or the Ross Sea ecosystems, these proposals are inadequate.
104 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.2 Marine Region 1: Antarctic MPAs and sanctuaries Name of MPA or sanctuary, Cetacean and other notable species location and size INTERNATIONAL (I) Southern Ocean Sanctuary • 7 baleen and 13 toothed whale species, including (including Antarctica), also known as the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; Antarctic Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis; blue whale, • Southern Ocean Balaenoptera musculus; sperm whale, Physeter • 19.3 million mi2 (50 million km2 ). The macrocephalus; Arnoux’s beaked whale, Berardius arnuxii; land area of Antarctica itself is 5.4 southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons; million mi2 (13.9 million km2 ) hourglass dolphin, Lagenorhynchus cruciger; orca, Orcinus orca • also: Antarctic fur seals; Ross, Weddell, crabeater and leopard seals; elephant seals; various penguins; euphausiids ANTARCTICA (1) Ross Sea MPA, may be proposed • Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis; orca, • the Ross Sea, off Antarctica: waters Orcinus orca (including possible new fish-eating species south of the 1640 fathom (10,000 ft or or ecotype of orca); sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis 3000 m) isobath, which extends from • Measures of primary productivity and plankton standing 69º S, 170º E (off Cape Adare, Victoria stocks indicate the Ross Sea is the richest stretch of water Land) to 76º S, 155º W (off King of comparable size in the entire Southern Ocean. Species Edward VII Peninsula, Marie Byrd include crystal krill, Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic toothfish; Land); includes continental slope Adélie and emperor penguins; several million Antarctic 1640–10,000 ft (500–3000 m) deep and petrels; Weddell, leopard and crabeater seals the continental shelf of the Ross Sea • 231,000 mi 2 (598,000 km 2 ) See Case Study 1. HEARD ISLAND and MCDONALD ISLANDS (Australia) (2) Heard Island and McDonald • some seasonal or sporadic: southern right whale, Islands Marine Reserve Eubalaena australis; humpback whale, Megaptera • located 2800 mi (4500 km) southwest novaeangliae; blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus; fin of Australia and 900 mi (1500 km) whale, Balaenoptera physalus; Antarctic minke whale, north of Antarctica within Australian Balaenoptera bonaerensis; sperm whale, Physeter territory waters in the Indian Ocean macrocephalus; southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon sector of the Southern Ocean planifrons; Arnoux’s beaked whale, Berardius arnuxii; (53° 05’ S and 73° 30’ E) strap-toothed whale, Mesoplodon layardii; dusky dolphin, • 25,000 mi 2 (65,000 km 2 ) Lagenorhynchus obscurus; Commerson’s dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonnii; hourglass dolphin, Lagenorhynchus cruciger; orca, Orcinus orca; long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas; spectacled porpoise, Phocoena dioptrica • also: southern elephant seal, subantarctic fur seal, leopard seal, macaroni penguin (world’s largest colony), Patagonian toothfish
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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Page 76 and 77: 2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Page 80 and 81: Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Page 100 and 101: B Scientific importance Does the pr
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Page 106 and 107: Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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