Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 175 Notes and rationale For more information • A cetacean refuge or sanctuary was announced for Bermuda’s • Min of Environment, Govt of territorial waters on 3 July 2000; all Bermuda Fisheries legislation Bermuda, 2000; Sterrer, applies, offering complete protection for every marine mammal 1992 species. • Contact: John A Barnes, • Bermudan waters are important for migrating humpback whales; Director, Dept of Agriculture some of the earliest humpback song recordings were made here; and Fisheries, Govt of there is evidence that blue and other large whales may use Bermuda, Bermuda, PO Box HM 834, with its distinctive topography, as a ‘beacon’ for navigating through Hamilton HM CX, Bermuda the North Atlantic. • Bermuda Zoological • Sanctuary covers cetaceans only but has extraordinary features Society, Box 145, The Flatts, which include the Bermuda Seamount with its coral reefs, numerous Smith’s 3, Bermuda important shipwrecks and wide diversity of marine species. See also Tables 5.3 and 5.19 for additional Canadian MPAs. • In 1990, the governments of Canada and Québec signed a • Canada Gazette, 1979, federal–provincial agreement to create a marine park; the 1993; Dept of Canadian management plan was produced in 1995 and approved in 1996. Heritage et al, 1995; Hoyt, The joint federal–provincial marine park was established under 1985a; Michaud and ‘mirror’ provincial (Québec) and federal Parks Canada legislation. Gilbert, 1993; Mingelbier Technically, Québec retains jurisdiction over the seabed, while the and Michaud, 1996; St federal government controls the water column and species found Lawrence Beluga Recovery in the water. Thus the cetaceans and their habitat are the Team, 1995 responsibility of Parks Canada and the federal government. • Contact: Parc marin du • Rationale is to protect a representative portion of the St Lawrence Saguenay-St-Laurent, estuary with high marine biodiversity, but the protection of the Tadoussac, PQ, Canada: endangered St Lawrence beluga was the catalyst for creating the web: www.pc.gc.ca/ park; one objective is to protect critical habitat for belugas and amnc-nmca/qc/saguenay/ other cetaceans. index_f.asp • Protection of marine species and ecosystems requires • Guy Cantin, DFO; commitment to responsible management of the large whale email: watch industry within and around the park. In 2002 whale watch canting@dfo-mpo.gc.ca regulations for the park were adopted and a zoning plan, in progress, would protect core habitats of whales and other wildlife. • In 2003, DFO was considering further plans to protect the St Lawrence Estuary, including cetacean habitat, to complement the Saguenay-St Lawrence Marine Park, but as of 2004 the proposal had not been made public. • Critical offshore habitat for 230 northern bottlenose whales, the • Faucher and Weilgart, 1992; majority of which are seen in a 5 x 12.4 mi (8 x 20 km) core area at the Faucher and Whitehead, entrance to the canyon in the central upwelling waters, although they 1995; Hooker et al, 2001; also forage east and west along the Scotian Shelf (Faucher and Reeves et al, 1993; Whitehead, 1995). The Gully is the only place where a population or Whitehead et al, 1997, 1998 species of beaked whale has been systematically researched. Also • Contact: Hal Whitehead, provides habitat for other cetaceans: a feeding as well as a Dept of Biology, Dalhousie mating-breeding area. University, Halifax NS B3H • Marine fish biodiversity monitoring has shown The Gully to be an area 4J1 Canada; of high marine productivity – one of the most richly biodiverse regions web: www.dal.ca/~whitelab/ of the Scotian Shelf. • DFO; • Announced as a proposed site for a DFO ‘MPA’ under the Oceans web: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ Act in 1998; draft regulations were published for comment in Dec canwaters-eauxcan/oceans/ 2003 proposing the banning of fishing and gas exploration in one of mpa-zpm/mpa_e.asp three zones, with restricted activities in the other two zones. • WWF Canada, 90 Eglinton Researcher Hal Whitehead said that the regulations don’t go far Ave E, #504, Toronto, Ont enough toward ensuring the whales’ health and safety. M4P 2Z7 Canada; • The Gully became Canada’s second Oceans Act ‘MPA’ in 2004. web: www.wwf.ca
176 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.7 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, location and size Cetacean and other notable species (3) Bay of Fundy Right Whale • Jun–Dec: North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis; Conservation Area fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; humpback whale, • Grand Manan Basin, between Digby Megaptera novaeangliae; Jun–Oct: harbor porpoise, and Grand Manan islands in the Bay of Phocoena phocoena; Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Fundy, New Brunswick Lagenorhynchus acutus; in Roseway Basin only: sperm (4) Roseway Basin Right Whale whale, Physeter macrocephalus; sei whale, Conservation Area Balaenoptera borealis • south of Cape Sable Island on the eastern edge of the Gulf of Maine, between Browns and Baccaro Banks, off southwest Nova Scotia (42º45’– 43º05’N; 65º03’–65º40’W) • also: harbor seal, basking shark, seabirds (5) Auyuittug National Park • narwhal, Monodon monoceros • Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Nunavut • 7697 mi2 (19,707 km2 ), mostly land based (6) Manicouagan ‘Marine • beluga, Delphinapterus leucas; minke whale, Balaenoptera Protected Area’, proposed acutorostrata; fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; blue whale, • Manicouagan Peninsula, west of Balaenoptera musculus; harbor porpoise, Phocoena Baie-Comeau on the north shore of the phocoena; occasionally: sperm whale, Physeter St Lawrence Estuary extending south macrocephalus; humpback whale, Megaptera into the Laurentian Channel novaeangliae; Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus (downstream from existing Saguenay- acutus St Lawrence Marine Park) • approximately 270 mi2 (700 km2 ) (7) Igaliqtuuq National Wildlife • Jul–Sept: bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus; orca, Area and Biosphere Reserve, Orcinus orca; narwhal, Monodon monoceros (migratory) proposed • also: harp seals, ringed seals and polar bears • Isabella Bay on Baffin Island, Nunavut, from coast out to 12 nm (22 km) • no size data
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Page 146 and 147: Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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