Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 409 Notes and rationale For more information • In 1990, Humboldt Penguin National Reserve was created to protect • Contact: Gian Paolo Sanino, terrestrial Humboldt penguin nesting sites and other bird species. Centre for Marine Mammals • In 2000, after several studies and a workshop for local fishermen, Research Leviathan; a proposal from NGO-research group CMMR Leviathan suggested email: research@ an expanded reserve and MPA for the system of five islands to give leviathanchile.org; protection to surrounding waters, marine ecosystem and high web: marine biodiversity including seabirds, marine otters, resident www.leviathanchile.org bottlenose dolphins (mainly at Isla Choros) and other outstanding • José Yáñez, National cetacean diversity, as well as to help manage uncontrolled dolphin Museum of Natural History watching activities. (MNHN); • At present the land reserve is administered by the Corporación Nacional Forestal (CONAF); there is considerable illegal traffic in molluscs and other animal products and some dolphin killings; tourism to the area (including dolphin watching at Isla Choros) is developing and must be managed at a sustainable level. The wellstudied dolphin Pod R has shown high levels of stress (Sanino and Yáñez, 2000). • There have been photo-ID studies of the dolphins since 1991, but other studies are needed to assess the use and protection of the habitat and how best to protect and manage it. • The government is interested in the MPA proposal and it is expected to be declared an MPA under some category but there are considerable management and economic conflicts here and concerns about how the proposal is being developed. email: jyanez@mnhn.cl • Coastal national park with cetaceans in surrounding waters and • Hucke-Gaete et al, 2003 channels; if designation is extended to marine ecosystem, it • Contact: CONAMA (Chilean could offer useful habitat protection. Environmental Agency); • No concrete proposal is yet on the table but a bold move would be email: to conserve cetacean habitat all around Chiloe Island with a areasmarinas@conama.cl greater extent out to sea off the southern and southwest coast • Centre for Marine Mammals where a recently discovered blue whale nursery has been found. Research Leviathan; email: The most important area according to CMMR Leviathan is the research@leviathanchile.org; south facing the Golfo Corcovado including where the blue whales web: are found. Conflicts here, however, include large salmon www.leviathanchile.org aquaculture farm whose owners oppose protection. • Centro Ballena Azul & • Following the high profile announcement of the discovery of the Instituto de Ecología y Chiloe-Corcovado blue whale nursery and feeding area in 2003, Evolución, Universidad the Chilean Environmental Agency CONAMA has reportedly Austral de Chile; endorsed the idea of declaring the area a protected marine park. web: www.ballenazul.org • Existing marine and offshore island-based protected area set up to • Capella et al, 1995; conserve biodiversity; area includes humpback winter mating and Flórez-González and calving grounds. Capella, 1993 • Protected area has land area on Isla Gorgona and three islets as • Contact: Roberto Pardo well as surrounding marine area. Angel, PO Box 26513, Cali, Colombia; email: robepardoa@yahoo.com
410 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.21 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, Cetacean and other notable species location and size (7) Ensenada de Utría National • bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; Jun–Nov: Natural Park (Parque Nacional humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae Natural Ensenada de Utría) • also: marine turtles and coral reefs • Departamento de Chocó, on the Pacific coast • 206 mi2 (534 km2 ), 20 per cent of which is the marine area (8) Malaga Bay MPA, proposed • humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae • Malaga Bay (including Negritos area) • also: mangrove and wetland habitats COSTA RICA República de Costa Rica (9) Cocos Island Marine and • common: bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; also: Terrestrial Conservation Area false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens; humpback whale, (Área de Conservación Marina y Megaptera novaeangliae; others Terrestre Isla del Coco) • also: California sea lion, hawksbill, green and olive Ridley • includes all of Cocos Island, 311 mi turtles, various sharks (hammerhead, white-tip, whale), (500 km) SW of Costa Rica, eastern manta ray, nesting seabirds; various land-based endemics tropical Pacific and surrounding waters up to 9.3 mi (15 km) around the island • 385 mi 2 (997 km 2 ) total; 376 mi 2 (973 km 2 ) marine (10) Ballena Marine National Park • common: spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; bottlenose • extends 10 mi (15 km) from Uvita to dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; common dolphin, Delphinus Punta Piñuela and about 6 mi (9 km) sp; Dec–Apr: humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; out to sea sporadic: sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus; orca, • undetermined but 17.4 mi2 (45 km2 ) by one estimate ECUADOR República del Ecuador Orcinus orca (A) Whale Natural Refuge (Refugio • humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; Bryde’s whale, Natural de Ballenas) Balaenoptera brydei; fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; • national waters of Ecuador, to the blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus; bottlenose dolphin, 200 nm (371 km) EEZ limit off the Tursiops truncatus; pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella mainland as well as around the attenuata; spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; common Galápagos Islands dolphin, Delphinus spp; Fraser’s dolphin, Lagenodelphis • 422,842 mi2 (1,095,455 km2 ) hosei; rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis; Risso’s dolphin, Grampus griseus; orca, Orcinus orca; sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus; various beaked whales; others
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Case Study 4: Regno di Nettuno MPA
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Page 380 and 381: Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Page 474 and 475: REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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