Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 291 Notes and rationale For more information • In 2003, representatives of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) • Smith et al, 1999 and WDCS intensively surveyed dolphins in the Sangu River to • More information: assess the feasibility of establishing a protected area for conserving http://southasia.one river dolphins, following a 1999 survey that had identified the lower world.net/article/view/ reaches of the river as supporting a relatively high density of dolphins. 71159/1/ • Contact: Brian D Smith, WCS and WDCS Asia; email: bsmith@wcs.org • Existing freshwater sanctuary located on the Chambal River, • Reeves, 2002; Reeves et al, established in 1978 to protect gharial, also ‘effectively protects 2000; Smith et al, 1994 small dolphin population’ (Reeves, 2002). • Contact: Alison Wood, • Dolphins in the sanctuary number in only tens of animals, but this is Conservation Director, one of the few viable populations still persisting in the smaller WDCS; tributaries of the Ganges. email: alison.wood@wdcs.org; web: www.wdcs.org • Brian D Smith, WCS and WDCS Asia; email: bsmith@wcs.org • This freshwater sanctuary, located in a river that is a spiritually and • Reeves et al, 2000; Smith ecologically important part of India and Indian culture, was et al, 1994 designated by the Bihar government in 1991 to protect endangered • Contact: Alison Wood, river dolphins. Conservation Director, • WDCS has worked with the Vikramshila Biodiversity Research and WDCS; Education Centre since 1999 to address problems, lobbying state email: and national governments to enforce laws that regulate fishing and alison.wood@wdcs.org; hunting, as well as conducting dolphin research and monitoring, web: www.wdcs.org and developing a conservation plan (recommended in Report of the • Sunil K Choudhary, Second Meeting of the Asian River Dolphin Committee in 1997). Vikramshila Biodiversity Research and Education Centre (VBREC); c/o T M Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 812007, India • Brian D Smith, WCS and WDCS Asia; email: bsmith@wcs.org • Declared Apr 1980 by Tamil Nadu state government, this MPA is • Wells et al, 1995 protected under the Indian Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 (amended • Contact: RS Lal Mohan, 1990); protection includes dugongs, sea turtles, coral reefs plus Conservation of Nature cetaceans. Trust, ‘Lagrace’, 43C, • Expansion into Sri Lanka waters where an adjoining reserve has Water Tank Rd, been proposed, as suggested in Wells et al (1995), would form an Nagercoil – 629 001, ecological unit to improve conservation in the region with a jointly Tamilnadu, India managed MPA. • See also Palk Bay and the • Cetacean research to date has focused on abundance and Gulf of Mannar Marine distribution – area is a cetacean feeding and breeding area; International Park, biological inventory of the marine park has been done, and proposed under ‘Sri Lanka’ management plan, but public awareness programmes are needed below to build MPA’s long-term future.
292 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.13 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, Cetacean and other notable species location and size MALDIVES Republic of the Maldives Divehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyaa (6) Eidhigali Kulhi and Koattey • melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra (year-round, Protected Area, proposed especially Dec–May) • Addu Atoll, near Hithadhoo • 13.5 mi2 (35 km2 ) MYANMAR Thammada Myanmar Naingngandaw (formerly Burma) (7) Lampi Island Marine • Bryde’s whale, Balaenoptera brydei; minke whale, National Park Balaenoptera acutorostrata; spinner dolphin, Stenella • Lampi Island and adjacent areas of longirostris; pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella Mergui Archipelago attennuata; striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba; false • 79 mi 2 (205 km 2 ), including land areas killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens; long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas • also: dugong, sea turtles, whale shark NEPAL Kingdom of Nepal Nepal Adhirajya (8) Royal Bardia National Park, • Ganges River dolphin, Platanista gangetica proposed for expansion to the • also: tigers, rhinoceroses and elephants live in Karnali Basin neighbouring Royal Bardia National Park; the adjacent • Karnali Basin, Nepal Karnali Basin is home to endangered crocodiles, otters, • size undetermined turtles as well as the endangered river dolphins SRI LANKA Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Prajathanthrika Samajawadi Janarajaya (9) Palk Bay and the Gulf of • Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus; Mannar Marine International Park, common dolphin, Delphinus sp; spinner dolphin, Stenella proposed longirostris; finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides • Palk Bay, northwest Sri Lanka • also: dugong, seagrass, coral reefs (96 coral species from • no size data 36 genera – highest diversity in the region)
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Case Study 4: Regno di Nettuno MPA
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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