Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 375 Notes and rationale For more information • Designated in 1994 to protect the diversity of seabirds and marine • Taylor, 2004 mammals using pristine coastal waters for feeding and breeding, • Contact: Olympic Coast as well as rich fishing grounds, and historical and cultural resources National Marine Sanctuary, such as Quinault, Hoh, Quileute, and Makah village sites, ancient Port Angeles, WA canoe runs, artifacts, petroglyphs, and shipwrecks. 98362-2600, USA; • Environmental impact statement (EIS) and management plan was web: released in Dec 1993, creating comprehensive ecosystem-based www.ocnms.nos.noaa.gov management of natural as well as historical and cultural resources. • Research activities include marine archaeological and biological surveys and marine research coordinated with state and other federal agencies and universities. • Established 1925 as Glacier Bay National Monument, Glacier Bay • Contact: Superintendent has become a National Park and Preserve, as well as, in 1986, part Glacier Bay National Park of the Glacier Bay–Admiralty Island Biosphere Reserve and, in 1992, and Preserve, PO Box 140, part of a Unesco World Heritage Site along with Wrangell–Mount Gustavus, AK 99826 USA; St Elias National Park and Canada’s Kluane National Park. web: www.nps.gov/glba • Both land and sea areas were protected originally as part of the national monument. With the growth of tourism since 1925 and the changing view of conservation, National Park Service (NPS) objectives now focus on conserving ecosystems and trying to manage fisheries and tourism threats to the park. • Some humpback habitat is in the park, NW of Bartlett Cove in NPS-dubbed ‘whale waters’, but most whales stay outside the park at Point Adolphus; MPA would need to expand considerably to include these. • Inside the park is controlled cruise ship and other tourism; commercial fishing (salmon trolling, halibut longlining, salmon seining, crab pot fishing) was banned in 1966 in the park and in designated wilderness areas, and is due to be discontinued. • In summer 1996, a group of four endangered North Pacific right • More information: whales were discovered summering in southeastern Bering Sea. web: www.mmc.gov/ Every year since then, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) species/pdf/ar2002north has undertaken aerial, shipboard and/or acoustic surveys to study pacrightwhale.pdf these whales, the only known ‘concentration’ of right whales in the North Pacific. By 2002, 13 individuals had been photo-IDed on these summer feeding grounds. • In Oct 2000, the Center for Biological Diversity petitioned NMFS to designate part of southeastern Bering Sea as a critical habitat for right whales under provisions of the Endangered Species Act. The petition was published in a Federal Register notice July 2001 but designation was postponed pending more information on the extent of the critical habitat and information about the species’ essential biological requirements.
376 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.19 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, location and size Cetacean and other notable species (23) San Juan Islands National • if boundaries are extended out to sea, the refuge could Wildlife Refuge, proposed for include habitat for orca, Orcinus orca; minke whale, expansion Balaenoptera acutorostrata; gray whale, Eschrictius • San Juan Islands including land, robustus; Pacific white-side dolphin, Lagenorhynchus nearshore and intertidal (200 m obliquidens; harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena; and seaward) but proposed to be extended out to sea • size undetermined Dall’s porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli (24) Northwest Straits • orca, Orcinus orca; minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; ‘management area’, gray whale, Eschrictius robustus; Pacific white-side dolphin, unsuccessfully proposed as Lagenorhynchus obliquidens; harbor porpoise, Phocoena National Marine Sanctuary, now phocoena; Dall’s porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli abandoned • also: harbor and elephant seals; Steller and California sea • located in Puget Sound–Juan de lions; salmon species, two of which are threatened under Fuca Straits, northern Washington the Endangered Species Act State waters • size undetermined
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Case Study 4: Regno di Nettuno MPA
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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