Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 349 Notes and rationale For more information • Cetacean refuge or sanctuary to protect cetaceans from hunting, • Hauser and Clapham, 2002 injury or harassment from fishing or other activities. • Contact: Nan Hauser, • In 2002, the Dept of Marine Resources began revising fishing laws Cook Islands Whale and considering rules and regulations for the whale sanctuary Research, Box 3069, including whale watch guidelines, penalties and management Takuvaine Valley, planning. Rarotonga, Cook Islands, • Educational initiatives for the sanctuary include the Cook Islands South Pacific; Whale Center in Avarua, Rarotonga, featuring educational email: displays, a whale museum, and interpretive programmes for local nan@whaleresearch.org; people and visitors. web: www.whaleresearch.org • National park with cetaceans in coastal waters, • Contact: CMMR Leviathan; • In Mar 2000 the Chilean Defence Ministry declared the first MPAs for email: research@ Chile, mainly as a legal test and to show a profile for conservation. leviathanchile.org; The sizes of these three MPAs on Easter Island are insignificant for web: any species or ecosystem management. Thus, there is legal www.leviathanchile.org protection but no biological importance attached to the three MPAs. • With research to define cetacean habitat, greatly increased MPA sizes, and a management plan put in place, there could be useful cetacean habitat protection. • In 2003, the Fiji government approved the designation as a whale • Hoyt, 2001; WWF, 2003 sanctuary, according to Fiji’s Minister for Commerce, to ‘help • Contact: WWF South catalyze research and raise public understanding and ability to Pacific Programme Whale manage Fiji’s marine biodiversity.’ Sanctuaries; web: www.wwfpacific.org.fj • Sanctuary created in 2002 by French government, later approved • Gannier and Gannier, 1998; by local government of French Polynesia with national legislation WWF, 2003 to bind the declaration. • Contact: WWF South • Provides a sanctuary free from all hunting of marine mammals. Pacific Programme Whale • Gannier and Gannier (1998) found 70 per cent of cetacean sightings Sanctuaries; within 2 mi (3.2 km) of shore despite dedicated offshore effort. web: www.wwfpacific.org.fj • Rationale is specifically to protect humpback whales and their habitat. • Sanctuaries and Reserves • This site extends to within the 100-fathom isobath and covers the Division (NOAA), 1997 warm, shallow waters which is the key humpback whale winter • Contact: Hawaiian Islands breeding habitat (for breeding, singing, calving and nursing) in Humpback Whale the North Pacific. Sanctuary, 726 South Kihei • Sanctuary management plan has been jointly developed by the public, Rd, Kihei, HI 96753 USA; NOAA’s Sanctuaries and Reserves Division and Hawaii’s Office web: of State Planning (OSP). www.hihwnms.nos.noaa.gov/ • Final Environmental Impact Statement recommended expansion of the boundaries to include 100-fathom isobaths (183 m) around the big island of Hawaii, eastern Kauai and parts of Oahu. • Industries operating within or near sanctuary waters include commercial, recreational and subsistence fisheries, shipping, surfing, swimming, kayaking, diving, boating, whale watching and military activities.
350 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.18 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, Cetacean and other notable species location and size NEW CALEDONIA (France) Kanaky (E) New Caledonia Whale • Jul–Nov: humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; Sanctuary year-round: spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; others • New Caledonia national waters, to the limit of its EEZ • 670,000 mi2 (1.74 million km2 ) NIUE (F) Niue Whale Sanctuary • Jul–Nov: humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; • Niue national waters, to the limit of year-round: spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; others its EEZ • various turtles and world’s largest coral island • 150,000 mi2 (390,000 km2 ) NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (US) (includes Midway Islands – unincorporated territory) (6) Midway National Wildlife • spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris Refuge • located at Midway Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands • no size data (7) Northwestern Hawaiian Islands • resident: spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; bottlenose Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; seasonal or migratory: and proposed national marine humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; pantropical sanctuary spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata; orca, Orcinus orca; • located in the Northwestern Hawaiian striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba; various beaked Islands whale species • covers an area of 131,240 mi 2 • also: Hawaiian monk seal, green sea turtle, most extensive (340,000 km 2 ) coral reefs in US PALAU Republic of Palau; Belau [MPAs 8–9] (8) Rock Islands Conservation • various small cetaceans Area • also: dugong (9) Ngeremendu Bay Conservation Area
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Case Study 4: Regno di Nettuno MPA
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Page 320 and 321: Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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