Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 177 Notes and rationale For more information • These critical habitats (the main nursery areas as well as mating • Brown et al, 1995; Hoyt, areas) for the right whale, located in the Bay of Fundy and Roseway 1993a; Kraus, 1990; Kraus Basin, as well as feeding areas, are conservation areas with and Brown, 1992; Kraus guidelines but no legislated regulation; however, recent change of and Kenny, 1991 shipping lanes may help protect whales. • Contact: Moira Brown, • First proposed as areas requiring protection in 1991 by Moira Brown, New England Aquarium, East Coast Ecosystems. In 1993, special pilot directions were Central Wharf, Boston, MA instituted to try to get ships to slow down when travelling through this 02110 USA; area due to large number of right whale mortalities from shipping. In email: mwbrown@neaq.org July 2003, in the Bay of Fundy and Roseway Basin, whales were given • Francine Mercier, Parks right of way by the Canadian government with recognition from the Canada, 4th Fl, 25 Eddy St, International Maritime Organization (IMO), to protect them from ship Hull, Quebec K1A 0M5 collisions, the main cause of their decline. Canada’s Right Whale Canada; Recovery Plan (2000) will move two major shipping lanes 4 mi (6 km) web: to the east and north, reducing the probability of a whale being hit by 80 per cent. • Right whale research includes photo-ID and biopsy studies, acoustic tracking and recording, abundance and distribution studies (satellite tagging). The conservation area boundaries were derived from survey sighting data. www.pc.gc.ca/default.html • This national terrestrial park with a marine component was • Contact: Auyuittuq National established in 1972; in 1993 an agreement was forged between the Park; government and the Inuit to negotiate the formal establishment of the web: reserve to a national park. www.canadianparks.com/ • Narwhals are found in the northern fjords of the park. nunavut/auyutnp/index.htm • Proposed ‘MPA’ by DFO, listed as an ‘area of interest’ in 1998 to • Contact: DFO; protect estuarine (salt marshes, eelgrass beds, sand flats) and web: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ marine ecosystems; three rivers (Betsiamites, Outardes and canwaters-eauxcan/oceans/ Manicouagan) converge with the salt water of the lower St Lawrence estuary to create a highly productive marine environment supporting invertebrates, fish and marine mammals. • Site was initially proposed as an MPA by the NGO Pointe-aux- Outardes Nature Park. • Area is visited by cetaceans, used for feeding and protects ecosystem important for cetacean prey. mpa-zpm/mpa_e.asp • First proposed for an MPA in 1987 by WWF Canada and Clyde River • Wheeler, 2003 community groups; now in process of probable designation with • Contact: Canadian Wildlife territorial, aboriginal and federal (Environment Canada) management Service, Environment under the Canada Wildlife Act as an NWA; a much more extensive Canada; marine-based area (extending north and south into Davis Strait) is web: also being proposed as a biosphere reserve. www.newparksnorth.org/ • Proposed in part to protect critical habitat in Isabella Bay used by a igaliq.htm large proportion of the endangered Baffin Bay/Davis Strait bowhead • WWF Canada, 245 Eglinton whales for feeding and resting, especially in late summer and autumn. Ave E, 410, Toronto, Ont • Bowhead photo-ID work is being conducted, with studies of food M4P 2Z7 Canada; availability and feeding ecology; three-year broad-based Inuit project to study whales lasted from 2001 to 2003. • Serious conflicts may develop with oil and gas development if allowed in the critical bowhead whale habitat in the bay. web: www.wwf.ca
178 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.7 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, Cetacean and other notable species location and size (8) Beaufort Sea Beluga • beluga, Delphinapterus leucas ‘Marine Protected Area’, proposed • Shallow Bay, east Mackenzie Bay, Kugmallit Bay and near Kendall Island, Northwest Territories and Yukon, Beaufort Sea • no size data (9) Lancaster Sound National • narwhal, Monodon monoceros; beluga, Delphinapterus Marine Conservation Area, leucas; orca, Orcinus orca; bowhead whale, Balaena proposed but suspended mysticetus • Lancaster Sound, Nunavut • also: ringed seals, walrus, a third of Eastern Canada’s • size undetermined colonial seabirds breed and feed here (thick-billed murres, black-legged kittiwakes, northern fulmars and others) (10) West Isles National Marine • Jul–Oct: North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis; Conservation Area, proposed but minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; harbor porpoise, discontinued Phocoena phocoena; humpback whale, Megaptera • located in the West Isles, New novaeangliae. Brunswick, on the Bay of Fundy • also: harbour seals and diverse fish and benthic • size undetermined invertebrate fauna (11) Bonavista-Notre Dame Bays • humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; fin whale, National Marine Conservation Area, Balaenoptera physalus; minke whale, Balaenoptera proposed but discontinued acutorostrata; white-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus • northeast Newfoundland albirostris; Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus • proposed size was 1160 mi 2 (3000 km 2 ) acutus; long-finned pilot whale, Globicelphala melas; harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena • also: seabirds, six seal species UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (US) (12) Gerry E Studds Stellwagen • humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; North Atlantic Bank National Marine Sanctuary right whale, Eubalaena glacialis; fin whale, Balaenoptera • east of Massachusetts on Stellwagen physalus; minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Bank, Gulf of Maine Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus; • 842 mi 2 (2181 km 2 ) long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas; harbor See Case Study 5. porpoise, Phocoena phocoena; six others sporadic or rare (see Case Study 5 for more about cetacean species and periods of habitat use)
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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