Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 249 Notes and rationale For more information • The De Hoop Nature Reserve was declared under the Nature and • Attwood et al, 1997; Environmental Conservation Ordinance 19/1974. The De Hoop MPA Cockcroft and Joyce, 1998; was created in 1986 and named as one of 19 MPAs in the Marine Lemm and Attwood, 2003; Living Resources Act No 18 of 1998. Robinson and De Graaff, • The De Hoop MPA is one of the main breeding areas for the 1994 southern right whale, with some of the country’s largest • Contact: Marine and concentrations of mother–calf pairs. In addition, 13 other species Coastal Management, of marine mammals regularly pass through these waters (Cockcroft Ministry of Environmental and Joyce, 1998). Industries in the area include tourism and fishing. Affairs and Tourism, Cape The coastline of the reserve is well known as a land-based Town; whale watch site. email: tabane@iafrica.com; • Rationale is to protect the largest remaining expanse of indigenous web: Cape vegetation, as well as the biodiversity of the marine component. www.environment.gov.za • Managed by the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board • Vic Cockcroft, Centre For (WCNCB) but a specific management agreement is required between Dolphin Studies; WCNCB and Marine and Coastal Management (MCM). There is no email: cdsresearch@ formal management plan for the De Hoop MPA, only for the De Hoop worldonline.co.za Nature Reserve, but it does not include the MPA (Lemm and Attwood, • Western Cape Nature 2003). Currently this MPA has limited active management. Conservation Board (WCNCB) web: www.capenature.org.za • management plan at www.capenature.org.za/ icdp/dehoopplan.html • Site of a national monument (first European habitation in South Africa) • Attwood et al, 1997: Lemm as well as a land-based nature reserve with a marine component. and Attwood, 2003; • Located beside Robberg Nature Reserve, it was declared under the Robinson and De Graaff, Nature and Environmental Conservation Ordinance 19/1974 and 1994 named as one of 19 MPAs in the Marine Living Resources Act No 18 • Contact: Robberg Nature of 1998. Reserve, Plettenberg Bay; • Managed by the WCNCB at Plettenberg Bay but there is no email: management plan or zoning plan, nor formal agreement with MCM robkeur@mweb.co.za; to manage this MPA, all of which are needed (Lemm and web: www.cnc.org.za/ Attwood, 2003). Nature_Reserves/html/ robberg.html • MPA is located next to the Dwesa and Cwebe Nature Reserves, • Attwood et al, 1997: Lemm which are state forests, IUCN Category IV, established 1975; the and Attwood, 2003; MPA was set up under the Transkei Environmental Decree 10 of Robinson and De Graaff, 1992 and named an MPA in the Marine Living Resources Act No 18 1994 of 1998. • Contact: Marine and • There is no zoning or specific MPA management plan (although the Coastal Management, terrestrial area plan makes some references). At present the MPA is Ministry of Environmental considered one zone where all fishing is prohibited. Eastern Cape Affairs and Tourism, Dept of Economic Affairs, Environment and Tourism (ECDEAET) is Cape Town; supposed to be responsible for species conservation and web: management of protected areas, but management agreement needs to be formulated between ECDEAET and the national MCM bodies (Lemm and Attwood, 2003). There is no active MPA management. www.environment.gov.za
250 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.11 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, Cetacean and other notable species location and size (25) Tsitsikamma MPA • Jun–Nov: southern right whale, Eubalaena australis; • located along 35.4 mi (57 km) east of Apr–Dec, migratory: humpback whale, Megaptera Plettenberg Bay, spanning Western novaeangliae; year-round, common: Indo-Pacific and Eastern Cape provinces hump-backed dolphin, Sousa chinensis; short-beaked • total size is 142.2 mi2 (368.5 km2 ), of common dolphin, Delphinus delphis; Indo-Pacific which 124.7 mi2 (323 km2 ) is marine; bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus; also: Bryde’s whale, the marine reserve extends 3.4 mi Balaenoptera brydei; pygmy sperm whale, Kogia (5.5 km) offshore all along the coast breviceps; dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima; Risso’s dolphin, Grampus griseus; striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba; orca, Orcinus orca; various beaked whales • also: 400+ species of marine fish, almost 50 per cent of which are endemic and important spawning grounds; vervet monkey, Cape clawless otter, bushbuck, blue duiker (26) Sardinia Bay MPA • Jun–Nov: southern right whale, Eubalaena australis; • located south of Port Elizabeth, along Apr–Dec, migratory: humpback whale, Megaptera 4.3 mi (7 km) of shoreline, Eastern novaeangliae; year-round, common inshore: Indo-Pacific Cape hump-backed dolphin, Sousa chinensis; Indo-Pacific • 5.1 mi 2 (13.2 km 2 ) bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus (27) Mkambati MPA • Jun–Nov: southern right whale, Eubalaena australis; • located along 7.1 mi (11.5 km) of the Apr–Dec, migratory: humpback whale, Megaptera coast, 25 mi (40 km) east of Flagstaff, novaeangliae; year-round, common inshore: Indo-Pacific Eastern Cape hump-backed dolphin, Sousa chinensis; Indo-Pacific • 50 mi 2 (130 km 2 ) bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus; more offshore: short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis • also: Cape vulture, baboon
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Case Study 4: Regno di Nettuno MPA
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Epilogue 449 Table E.1 Total sanctu
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Epilogue 451 4 That the long arm of
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REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
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References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
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References 457 11th Biennial Confer
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References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
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References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
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References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
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References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
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References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
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References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
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References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
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References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
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References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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