Marine protected areas for whales, dolphins, and porpoises: a world ...

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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans around the World 427 Notes and rationale For more information cetacean distributions, abundances and threats, and taking prudent and appropriate measures to reduce impacts judged to be most significant. However, management also needs to take reasonable measures to anticipate and respond to future issues, such as disease outbreaks or unfavourable environmental change. Management measures should reflect the level of threat, the degree of certainty, and incorporate the precautionary principle’ (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 2000). • Intensively managed compared to most MPAs worldwide, this MPA has been rated IUCN Category VI with elements of Ia, Ib, II, III and IV. The entire park is off limits to mining and petroleum but allows tourism. Until 2004, only 4.6 per cent was protected from fishing. In 2004 highly protected no-take or ‘green zones’ were approved to bring the percentage to 33 percent IUCN Category I–II areas. • First proposed as a reserve by NSW Fisheries in 1989 for the • Environment Australia, benefit of fish and fish habitat and set aside in 1991; adjoining 2001c Commonwealth protection came in 1993. • Contact: Solitary Marine • Rationale is to protect a species-rich ecosystem around an open Reserve and Marine Park; ocean, subtidal reef with soft substrate habitats; area is a mixing web: www.ea.gov.au/ zone between tropical and temperate environments, with many coasts/mpa/solitary/ species close to their northern or southern ranges. index.html • Overall protection for the reserve is rated IUCN Category VI which • WDCS – Australasia; includes a small sanctuary zone (Ia), a habitat protection zone (IV) email: info@wdcs.org.au; and general use zone (VI). web: www.wdcs.org.au • Entire park in NSW and Commonwealth waters was placed on the Register of the National Estate in 1995 as an outstanding example of marine biodiversity. • Management plan has key habitat provisions for cetaceans. The increasing recreational and commercial boating traffic (including whale watching) is listed as a significant risk to cetaceans, as is entanglement in fishing gear, noise and depletion of prey species; cumulative impacts is listed as a management issue. • Commonwealth MPA with IUCN Category 1a protection. • Environment Australia, • Rationale is to protect coral reefs and there are no provisions for 2001a cetaceans, but highly protected management arrangements will • Contact: WDCS – benefit cetacean habitat. Australasia; email: info@wdcs.org.au; web: www.wdcs.org.au • Commonwealth MPA with IUCN Category 1a protection. • Environment Australia, • Rationale is to protect coral reefs and there are no provisions for 2002b cetaceans, but highly protected management arrangements will • Contact: WDCS – benefit cetacean habitat. Australasia; • Cetacean species at left probably frequent the nature reserve, but email: info@wdcs.org.au; cetacean surveys and habitat studies need to be done. web: www.wdcs.org.au
428 Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises Table 5.22 continued Name of MPA or sanctuary, location and size Cetacean and other notable species (5) Lord Howe Island Marine • common: bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; Park and World Heritage Area occasional: southern right whale, Eubalaena australis; • 435 mi2 (700 km) northeast of humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; fin whale, Sydney, NSW Balaenoptera physalus; sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis; • 1160 mi2 (3005 km2 ) blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus; spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata; dusky dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus (6) Elizabeth and Middleton • various subtropical cetaceans probable (according to the Reefs Marine Nature Reserve management plan, cetaceans recorded in subtropical • located in the Tasman Sea, 370 mi South Pacific waters would be expected to occur in the (600 km) east of Coffs Harbour, NSW • 725.7 mi reserve) 2 (1880 km2 ) (7) Tasmanian Seamounts • various cetaceans probable although none listed in the Marine Reserve management plan, but large size alone offers probability • 106 mi (170 km) south of Hobart, of some importance to cetaceans Tasmania • 150.1 mi 2 (388.9 km 2 ) (8) Macquarie Island Marine • on migration, feeding: southern right whale, Eubalaena Park and World Heritage Area australis; humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; • Macquarie Ridge, Tasman Sea, sporadic or transient: Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera 930 mi (1500 km), southeast of bonaerensis; sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus; Tasmania (54º29’S, 158º58’E) long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas; orca, • 62,500 mi 2 (162,000 km 2 ), including Orcinus orca; Andrew’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon 22,400 mi 2 (58,000 km 2 ) Category Ia bowdoini; strap-toothed whale, Mesoplodon layardii; area Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris; southern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon planifrons • subantarctic fur-seal, grey and blue petrel, Antarctic tern, fairy prion, albatross species
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS FOR WHALES,
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CONTENTS List of Figures vii List o
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LIST OF FIGURES I.1 The exclusive e
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List of Tables ix 5.16 Indonesian l
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I must thank
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Acknowledgements xiii Charitable Tr
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
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PROLOGUE The publication of this ha
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Prologue xix stakeholders - local c
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INTRODUCTION There are three main d
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Introduction 3 or non-geographicall
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Introduction 5 and dolphins. At tha
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Introduction 7 This world map shows
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BOX I.3 THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH
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Introduction 11 do an important job
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Introduction 13 and Birkun, 2002; R
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Ocean Sanctuaries, Marine Reserves
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Table 1.6 International and regiona
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CITES - Convention on • Formulate
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2 WHY SPOTLIGHT WHALES, DOLPHINS AN
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Table 2.3 Baleen whales. World dist
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Table 2.4 Toothed whales: sperm and
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Table 2.6 Toothed whales: ocean dol
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Table 2.7 Toothed whales: porpoises
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Why Spotlight Whales, Dolphins and
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Creating Better Marine Protected Ar
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B Scientific importance Does the pr
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4 STRATEGIES FOR PROTECTING CETACEA
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Strategies for Protecting Cetaceans
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5 HABITAT PROTECTION FOR CETACEANS
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Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Case Study 1: Ross Sea - time for n
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Case Study 4: Regno di Nettuno MPA
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• to promote intensive field rese
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Page 398 and 399: Habitat Protection for Cetaceans ar
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Page 474 and 475: REFERENCES Agardy, T (1997) Marine
Page 476 and 477: References 455 Bearzi, G (1995) The
Page 478 and 479: References 457 11th Biennial Confer
Page 480 and 481: References 459 Vol II, The Great Ba
Page 482 and 483: References 461 Forcada, J (1995) Ab
Page 484 and 485: References 463 Hoyt, E (1978) Frien
Page 486 and 487: References 465 CH Peterson, RS Sten
Page 488 and 489: References 467 Lauriano, G (1997b)
Page 490 and 491: References 469 Mercier, F and C Mon
Page 492 and 493: References 471 Notarbartolo di Scia
Page 494 and 495: References 473 Prideaux, M (2003a)
Page 496 and 497: References 475 Sanino, GP and JL Y
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References 477 Tregenza, NJC, SD Be
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Abaco National Park 220-1 Abrolhos
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Calayan Island Protected Area 336-7
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European Union Habitats and Species
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315-6, 342, 359-60, 381, 398, 400,
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Monte Bellos/Barrow Island Marine R
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Queensland 430-3 Race Rocks Candida
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Tierra del Fuego National Park and
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Blainville’s Beaked Whale Mesoplo
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Resident Atlantic spotted dolphins,
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Some 230 northern bottlenose whales
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