Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System

From Sex Trafficking to FGM: Emerging Issues 381
7. US Secretary of State Colin Powell, Trafficking in Persons, Global Issues,
US Department of State, June 11, 2003.
8. Dorchen A. Leidholdt, Prostitution and Trafficking in Women: An Intimate
Relationship, in Melissa Farley, ed, Prostitution, Trafficking, and Traumatic
Stress (2003) at 167-183.
9. Richard J. Estes and Neil Alan Weiner, The Commercial Sexual Exploitation
of Children in the US, Canada and Mexico, University of Pennsylvania
School of Social Work, Center for the Study of Youth Policy, September 18,
2001; Susan Kay Hunter, Prostitution is Cruelty and Abuse to Women and
Children, 1 Michigan Journal of Women and Law, 91 (1993); Mimi H.
Silbert and Ayala A. Pines, “Entrance Into Prostitution,” 13 Youth & Society
471, 479 (1982).
10. D. Kelly Weisberg, Children of the Night: A Study of Adolescent Prostitution
(1985); Mimi H. Silbert and Ayala A. Pines, Victimization of Street
Prostitutes, Victimology: An International Journal 7, at 122-133 (1982).
11. Melissa Farley, Isin Baral, Merab Kiremire, Ufuk Sezgin, Prostitution in
Five Countries: Violence and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Feminism &
Psychology 8 (4) 405-426 (1998); Special Committee on Prostitution and
Pornography, Pornography and Prostitution in Canada (1985).
12. Note that the penal and victims services provisions of the Federal Trafficking
Victims Protection Act of 2000 apply only to situations of “severe trafficking,”
which, if the victim is age eighteen or older, requires proof of force, fraud,
or coercion; HR 3244, 106th Cong § 7(f)(1) (Apr. 4, 2000).
13. HR 3244, 106th Cong § 7(f)(1) (Apr. 4, 2000).
14. INA § 101(a)(15)(U), 8 USC. § 1101(a)(15)(U) (2001).
15. INA §§ 101(a)(42); 8 USC. §§ 1101(a)(42), 1158 (2001).
16. Melissa Farley, Isin Baral, Merab Kiremire, Ufuk Sezgin, Prostitution in
Five Countries: Violence and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Feminism &
Psychology 8 (4), at 405-426 (1998); Special Committee on Prostitution and
Pornography, Pornography and Prostitution in Canada (1985); R. Belton,
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Prostitution Trauma; Paper
presented at symposium — Prostitution: Critical Aspects of the Trauma,
American Psychological Association, 106th Annual Convention, San
Francisco, August 17, 1998; C. Hoigard and L. Finstead, Backstreets:
Prostitution, Money and Love (1986).