Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop

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Table 2. Summary Published Cyanide Detection Tests Paper Method Matrix Detection Limits (Mak, Yanase et al., 2005) (Mak, Yanase et al., 2005) Microbial Biosensor Fish Tissue Microbial Biosensor Fish Tissue 7.3 μmol/l (Mak, Law et al., 2005) Microbial Biosensor Fish Tissue 7.3 μmol/l (Ikebukuro, Shimomoura et al., 1996) (Groom and Luong, 1991) (Lee and Karube, 1995) Microbial Biosensor Aqueous Solutions Microbial Biosensor Microbial Biosensor (Smit and Cass, 1990) Biosensor (Peroxidase-based) BFAR Test for Live Fish Trade (Romero, Rodolfo et al., 2003) (Egekeze and Oehme, 1979)* (Murphy, Schantz et al., 2006) (Ishii, Seno et al., 1998) Aqueous Solutions Aqueous Solutions Aqueous Solutions Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE) Fish Tissue Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE) Blood and Liver 5 g/l Gas Chromatography (Headspace)/ Mass Spectrometry Blood 1 x 10 -5 – 1 x 10- 4 ; = 1.1 μM = 0.286 ppm 0-1.5 x 10-5 5 x 10 -6 – 1 x 10 -3 Gas Chromatography (Direct) Blood 2.0 ng/ml 0.1 – 1 ppm in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8) -7 (limit of detection) 1.0 x 10 Greater than 1 ×10 - 5 M (Mak et al., 2005) 60 ppb with uncertainty of 8%; = 0.7 ng/g = 0.007 ug/g (Levin et al, 1990)* Gas Chromatography (Headspace) Not Available Not Available (Odoul et al., 1994)* Gas Chromatography (Headspace) Not Available Not Avaiilable (Tsuge, Kataoka et al., 2000) (Hughes, Lehner et al., 2003) Gas Chromatography Spectrophotometry Gas Chromatography (Headspace) and Spectrophotometry Blood and Saliva 0.05 uM Equine Blood 2 ng/ml (La Forge et al, 1994)* Mass Spectrometry Blood 0.07 g/ml 106
Paper Method Matrix Detection Limits (Tomoda and Hashimoto, 1991)* (Cruz-Landeira et al., 2000)* (Morgan and Way, 1980)* (Tracqui, Raul et al., 2002) (Sano, Takezawa et al., 1989) Mass Spectrometry Blood 0.4 g/ml Mass Spectrometry Urine 28 ng/ml Spectrophotometry Blood 0.1 ppm High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (Deschamps, 2004) Colorimetric (Rella, Marcus et al., 2004) (Fligner, Luthi et al., 1992) (Ganjeloo, Isom et al., 1980) (Pettigrew and Fell, 1973) (Sano, Takezawa et al., 1989) (Sano, Takezawa et al., 1989) (Chinaka, Takayama et al., 1998) High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Fluorometric Colorimetric Whole Human Blood Urine 30 pmol/ml Aqueous Solutions Aqueous Solutions Colorimetric Human Whole Blood Colorimetric, Fluorometric Mouse Blood Colorimetric (with microdiffusion) Blood 5.0 ng/ml (abstract only) 0.2 ppm and higher, not effective for detection of 0.1 ppm or lower Greater than 1.0 ug/ml 0.2 mg/l 0.025 ppm (0.001 umol/ ml) Spectrofl uorimetric Blood and Urine 0.03 nmol/ml Fluorometric Ion Chromatography/Fluorometry 107 Whole Human Blood and Urine Cyanide and Thiocyanate in Blood 0.03 nmol/ml (abstract only)
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Proceedings of the International Cy
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Proceedings of the Cyanide Detectio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Proceedings of
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PREFACE The International Cyanide D
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International
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ATCA) in homogenized fi sh tissue m
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Validation of the ISE method applie
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Importing countries should also req
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INTRODUCTION Cyanide fi shing is a
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through the implementation of a net
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Working Group 2 The Export Working
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o o o o Can the U.S. require verifi
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Polymeric membrane based ion select
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Goal 2: Provide recommendations on
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hands-on training that develops a d
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Goal 3: Identify research needs to
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Working Group 1 Participants Bob KO
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estimated at roughly 3 to 5 days. H
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Goal 2 : Identify steps, agreements
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3) certifi cate, but tests positive
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Report from Working Group 3 The Par
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No. of Shipments 6,000 5,000 4,000
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Goal 3: Provide a recommendation wi
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Working Group 3 Participants Eric P
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Introduction Since the early 1960
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ainbow trout exposed to 40 mg SCN -
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Blennies, which were net-caught and
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electrical potential (similar to an
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in the Philippines under contract w
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endorsing the IMA’s use of the IS
Page 65 and 66: The intended products from the rese
Page 67 and 68: WPCF 1992, 1998). Both of these stu
Page 69 and 70: ASTM (1997) Standard test methods f
Page 71 and 72: Kuegsen, M., Kloock, J.P., Knobbe,
Page 73 and 74: Philippines. In Proceedings from th
Page 75 and 76: 3) 4) 5) 6) the metabolism of cyani
Page 77 and 78: or new matrices. 5.2.3 Modifi catio
Page 79 and 80: Level Two: The method should be val
Page 81 and 82: of cyanide exposure and to identify
Page 83 and 84: Special considerations for the anal
Page 85 and 86: tissue samples indispensable. Altho
Page 87 and 88: y reduction and subsequent separati
Page 89 and 90: can also be used for analysis of cy
Page 91 and 92: thiocyanate in saliva and serum bas
Page 93 and 94: are many discrepancies in the liter
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Analytical Methods to dete
Page 97 and 98: Poisoning, In Textbook of military
Page 99 and 100: (70) Odoul, M., Fouillet, B., Nouri
Page 101 and 102: V. (1975) Stable reagents for the c
Page 103 and 104: (159) Felscher, D. and Wulfmeyer, M
Page 105 and 106: Purpose of this Document The purpos
Page 107 and 108: day. One cyanide tablet (2 g) is mi
Page 109 and 110: 10-90% following exposure to cyanid
Page 111 and 112: existing cyanide detection methods
Page 113 and 114: - Plasma lactate — elevated plasm
Page 115: Method Advantages Disadvantages Hig
Page 119 and 120: Table 4 lists experts identifi ed t
Page 121 and 122: X Jerry Thomas CDC Em Steve Borron
Page 123 and 124: References Barber, C. and Pratt, V.
Page 125 and 126: Rates of Recovery. Environmental Ma
Page 127: COUNTRY REPORTS
Page 130 and 131: The first three of these destructiv
Page 132 and 133: enforcement is minimal. There is an
Page 134 and 135: 1. Management/guidance to the Minis
Page 136 and 137: in Vietnam now and requires more ef
Page 138 and 139: Figure 2: Administrative structure
Page 140 and 141: References Baquero, J. (1999) Marin
Page 142 and 143: Acronyms • CDT • Cyanide Detect
Page 144 and 145: Law/Ordinance/Decree /Decision 52/2
Page 146 and 147: of samples required for analysis. U
Page 148 and 149: Field test kit. BFAR recognizes the
Page 150 and 151: Political Will Having planted the s
Page 152 and 153: gravely by fi shing communities. Th
Page 154 and 155: ecome the partner and counterpart o
Page 157 and 158: Ion-Selective Electrodes for Cyanid
Page 159 and 160: References Alban, J., Manipula, B.E
Page 161 and 162: levels with mV readings recorded as
Page 163 and 164: Trends Determined by Cyanide Testin
Page 165 and 166: Implementing agencies: • Quaranti
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APPENDIX
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1:30 Overview of and Potential Cyan
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Kristine Johnson Director Kingfi sh
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Assessment of U.S. Role in Trade: U
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