Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop

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Working Group 3 The Import Working Group Infrastructure Goal 1: Outline what to include in a robust scheme for monitoring imports to determine whether a fi sh was caught using cyanide. • • • Provide an outline for ideal testing infrastructure including: o locations of offi ces and labs o staffi ng o budget o equipment o training List locations that do not, but should have cyanide detection facilities List names of government bodies involved in each countries’ cyanide detection Implementation Goal 2: Identify steps, agreements, and/or partnerships that could be established between exporting governments, the U.S. government, NGOs, certifi cation agencies, community groups, and academic scientists to implement cyanide testing. • • • • List existing partnerships related to cyanide detection List the fi ve most important entities (NGOs, governments, scientists) in import countries that must be involved in establishment of revised cyanide detection system Briefl y describe fi ve most important areas to improve in existing detection system List of alternate methods and programs that increase non-destructive catch practices Enforcement Goal 3: Provide a recommendation with respect to the possibility and/or benefi ts of a mandatory, government-issued, export and/or import certifi cation that states the fi sh were caught with legal practices. • • • • • Provide a brief description of requirements to enforce and or prosecute the use of illegal fi shing practices in import countries Provide recommendations regarding legal effi cacy of a test that identifi es the presence of cyanide versus a test that provides a quantitative estimate of cyanide concentration Provide recommendations regarding legal effi cacy of a tiered approach to testing Discuss the current procedure for examination of imports of wildlife, and how this varies depending on international regulations (e.g., CITES) Respond to the following questions: o If an exporting country requires documentation verifying the absence of cyanide, can import countries such as the U.S. prohibit imports of shipments without appropriate certifi cates? 14
o o o o Can the U.S. require verifi cation that no illegal fi shing practices were used to capture the fi sh included in a shipment under existing legislation? If not, what is needed to prevent imports of cyanide caught fi sh? Can the burden of proof be on the exporter/importer? What would be needed to prosecute violations under the Lacey Act? Are there provisions under Title IV section 403 of the Magnuson Act that can help eliminate imports of cyanide caught fi sh? What requirements do we have under Magnuson to address illegal, unreported, or unregulated fi shing? What would we need to implement prohibitions on imports of aquarium fi sh for exporting countries that cannot verify that they are engaging in sustainable harvesting practices? How would we make these import restrictions consistent with both domestic legal requirements and WTO obligations? 15
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the International Cy
Page 3 and 4: Proceedings of the Cyanide Detectio
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Proceedings of
Page 7: PREFACE The International Cyanide D
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International
Page 13 and 14: ATCA) in homogenized fi sh tissue m
Page 15 and 16: Validation of the ISE method applie
Page 17 and 18: Importing countries should also req
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION Cyanide fi shing is a
Page 21 and 22: through the implementation of a net
Page 23: Working Group 2 The Export Working
Page 27 and 28: Polymeric membrane based ion select
Page 29 and 30: Goal 2: Provide recommendations on
Page 31 and 32: hands-on training that develops a d
Page 33 and 34: Goal 3: Identify research needs to
Page 35 and 36: Working Group 1 Participants Bob KO
Page 37 and 38: estimated at roughly 3 to 5 days. H
Page 39 and 40: Goal 2 : Identify steps, agreements
Page 41 and 42: 3) certifi cate, but tests positive
Page 43 and 44: Report from Working Group 3 The Par
Page 45 and 46: No. of Shipments 6,000 5,000 4,000
Page 47 and 48: Goal 3: Provide a recommendation wi
Page 49: Working Group 3 Participants Eric P
Page 53 and 54: Introduction Since the early 1960
Page 55 and 56: ainbow trout exposed to 40 mg SCN -
Page 57 and 58: Blennies, which were net-caught and
Page 59 and 60: electrical potential (similar to an
Page 61 and 62: in the Philippines under contract w
Page 63 and 64: endorsing the IMA’s use of the IS
Page 65 and 66: The intended products from the rese
Page 67 and 68: WPCF 1992, 1998). Both of these stu
Page 69 and 70: ASTM (1997) Standard test methods f
Page 71 and 72: Kuegsen, M., Kloock, J.P., Knobbe,
Page 73 and 74: Philippines. In Proceedings from th
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3) 4) 5) 6) the metabolism of cyani
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or new matrices. 5.2.3 Modifi catio
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Level Two: The method should be val
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of cyanide exposure and to identify
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Special considerations for the anal
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tissue samples indispensable. Altho
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y reduction and subsequent separati
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can also be used for analysis of cy
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thiocyanate in saliva and serum bas
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are many discrepancies in the liter
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Table 3. Analytical Methods to dete
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Poisoning, In Textbook of military
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(70) Odoul, M., Fouillet, B., Nouri
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V. (1975) Stable reagents for the c
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(159) Felscher, D. and Wulfmeyer, M
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Purpose of this Document The purpos
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day. One cyanide tablet (2 g) is mi
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10-90% following exposure to cyanid
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existing cyanide detection methods
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- Plasma lactate — elevated plasm
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Method Advantages Disadvantages Hig
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Paper Method Matrix Detection Limit
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Table 4 lists experts identifi ed t
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X Jerry Thomas CDC Em Steve Borron
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References Barber, C. and Pratt, V.
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Rates of Recovery. Environmental Ma
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COUNTRY REPORTS
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The first three of these destructiv
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enforcement is minimal. There is an
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1. Management/guidance to the Minis
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in Vietnam now and requires more ef
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Figure 2: Administrative structure
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References Baquero, J. (1999) Marin
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Acronyms • CDT • Cyanide Detect
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Law/Ordinance/Decree /Decision 52/2
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of samples required for analysis. U
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Field test kit. BFAR recognizes the
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Political Will Having planted the s
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gravely by fi shing communities. Th
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ecome the partner and counterpart o
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Ion-Selective Electrodes for Cyanid
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References Alban, J., Manipula, B.E
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levels with mV readings recorded as
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Trends Determined by Cyanide Testin
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Implementing agencies: • Quaranti
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APPENDIX
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1:30 Overview of and Potential Cyan
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Kristine Johnson Director Kingfi sh
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Assessment of U.S. Role in Trade: U
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