Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop

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Identifi cation and testing The United States currently imports about 16 million MAF per year. Shipments can range from 20 to 25 or more boxes for small tropical fi sh, while larger shipments can include 50 or more boxes. Each box may contain several hundred fi sh, with each fi sh packaged in an individual bag or with mixed species in larger bags. Opening the bags to examine a fi sh introduces oxygen out of the bag and further threatens survival. This poses a huge challenge for identifying all species and possibilities for cyanide testing. The optimal strategy for testing would include a rapid, simple diagnostic test for use at the port, such as a “dipstick” method, that would simply identify the presence of cyanide (“yes or no” system). The test cannot take more than a few minutes, based on shear size of import shipments, lack of manpower, and split attention for ESA and CITES identifi ed priority species. If the fi eld test confi rmed the presence of cyanide, a shipment could be seized and sent on to a diagnostic laboratory where a more detailed test could be performed to quantify levels of exposure. Table 1: Shipments of marine ornamental fi sh in each United States port city between July 2004 and June 2005. No. of Shipments % of Total Shipments Quantity % of Total Quantity Agana, GU 7 0 1,865 0 Atlanta, GA 230 2 435,498 3 Baltimore, MD 1 0 45 0 Blaine, WA 2 0 16 0 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY 51 0 293 0 Chicago, IL 257 2 519,547 3 Detroit, MI 74 1 90,430 1 Dallas-Ft.Worth, TX 272 2 295,832 2 Honolulu, HI 1,492 13 584,755 4 Los Angeles, CA 5,548 47 8,994,755 56 Miami, FL 1,898 16 2,442,173 15 Newark, NJ 54 0 70,730 0 New York, NY 946 8 1,570,988 10 Portland, OR 78 1 51,950 0 Seattle, WA 73 1 54,689 0 San Franciso, CA 662 6 954,049 6 Sumas, WA 1 0 2 0 San Diego-San Ysidro 10 0 3,545 0 Tampa, FL 75 1 7,925 0 unknown 20 0 6,896 0 Totals 11,751 100 16,085,983 100 34
No. of Shipments 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Agana, GU Atlanta, GA Baltimore, MD Blaine, WA Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Dallas-Ft.Worth, TX Agana, GU Atlanta, GA Baltimore, MD Blaine, WA Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Dallas-Ft.Worth, TX Honolulu, HI Los Angeles, CA Miami, FL Newark, NJ New York, NY Portland, OR Seattle, WA San Franciso, CA Sumas, WA San Diego-San Ysidro Tampa, FL unknown Ports Figure 1: Number of Shipments by Port from July 2004 to June 2005. Quantity (in millions) Honolulu, HI Los Angeles, CA Miami, FL Newark, NJ New York, NY Ports Figure 2: Quantity of Marine Ornamental Fish by Port from July 2004 to June 2005. 35 Portland, OR Seattle, WA San Franciso, CA Sumas, WA San Diego-San Ysidro Tampa, FL unknown
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the International Cy
Page 3 and 4: Proceedings of the Cyanide Detectio
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Proceedings of
Page 7: PREFACE The International Cyanide D
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International
Page 13 and 14: ATCA) in homogenized fi sh tissue m
Page 15 and 16: Validation of the ISE method applie
Page 17 and 18: Importing countries should also req
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION Cyanide fi shing is a
Page 21 and 22: through the implementation of a net
Page 23 and 24: Working Group 2 The Export Working
Page 25 and 26: o o o o Can the U.S. require verifi
Page 27 and 28: Polymeric membrane based ion select
Page 29 and 30: Goal 2: Provide recommendations on
Page 31 and 32: hands-on training that develops a d
Page 33 and 34: Goal 3: Identify research needs to
Page 35 and 36: Working Group 1 Participants Bob KO
Page 37 and 38: estimated at roughly 3 to 5 days. H
Page 39 and 40: Goal 2 : Identify steps, agreements
Page 41 and 42: 3) certifi cate, but tests positive
Page 43: Report from Working Group 3 The Par
Page 47 and 48: Goal 3: Provide a recommendation wi
Page 49: Working Group 3 Participants Eric P
Page 53 and 54: Introduction Since the early 1960
Page 55 and 56: ainbow trout exposed to 40 mg SCN -
Page 57 and 58: Blennies, which were net-caught and
Page 59 and 60: electrical potential (similar to an
Page 61 and 62: in the Philippines under contract w
Page 63 and 64: endorsing the IMA’s use of the IS
Page 65 and 66: The intended products from the rese
Page 67 and 68: WPCF 1992, 1998). Both of these stu
Page 69 and 70: ASTM (1997) Standard test methods f
Page 71 and 72: Kuegsen, M., Kloock, J.P., Knobbe,
Page 73 and 74: Philippines. In Proceedings from th
Page 75 and 76: 3) 4) 5) 6) the metabolism of cyani
Page 77 and 78: or new matrices. 5.2.3 Modifi catio
Page 79 and 80: Level Two: The method should be val
Page 81 and 82: of cyanide exposure and to identify
Page 83 and 84: Special considerations for the anal
Page 85 and 86: tissue samples indispensable. Altho
Page 87 and 88: y reduction and subsequent separati
Page 89 and 90: can also be used for analysis of cy
Page 91 and 92: thiocyanate in saliva and serum bas
Page 93 and 94: are many discrepancies in the liter
Page 95 and 96:
Table 3. Analytical Methods to dete
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Poisoning, In Textbook of military
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(70) Odoul, M., Fouillet, B., Nouri
Page 101 and 102:
V. (1975) Stable reagents for the c
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(159) Felscher, D. and Wulfmeyer, M
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Purpose of this Document The purpos
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day. One cyanide tablet (2 g) is mi
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10-90% following exposure to cyanid
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existing cyanide detection methods
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- Plasma lactate — elevated plasm
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Method Advantages Disadvantages Hig
Page 117 and 118:
Paper Method Matrix Detection Limit
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Table 4 lists experts identifi ed t
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X Jerry Thomas CDC Em Steve Borron
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References Barber, C. and Pratt, V.
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Rates of Recovery. Environmental Ma
Page 127:
COUNTRY REPORTS
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The first three of these destructiv
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enforcement is minimal. There is an
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1. Management/guidance to the Minis
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in Vietnam now and requires more ef
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Figure 2: Administrative structure
Page 140 and 141:
References Baquero, J. (1999) Marin
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Acronyms • CDT • Cyanide Detect
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Law/Ordinance/Decree /Decision 52/2
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of samples required for analysis. U
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Field test kit. BFAR recognizes the
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Political Will Having planted the s
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gravely by fi shing communities. Th
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ecome the partner and counterpart o
Page 157 and 158:
Ion-Selective Electrodes for Cyanid
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References Alban, J., Manipula, B.E
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levels with mV readings recorded as
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Trends Determined by Cyanide Testin
Page 165 and 166:
Implementing agencies: • Quaranti
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APPENDIX
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1:30 Overview of and Potential Cyan
Page 172 and 173:
Kristine Johnson Director Kingfi sh
Page 174:
Assessment of U.S. Role in Trade: U
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