Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop

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Law/Ordinance/Decree /Decision 52/2005/QH11 Decree 128/2005/ND-CP Decree 12/2006/ND-CP 06/2007/QH12 Decision 79/2007/QD-TTg Title Detail Environment Protection Law Promulgator: National Assembly Providing for sanctioning of administrative violations in the fi sheries domain. Promulgator: The Government Detail rules to implement Trade Law in international goods business and agency practices on trading, processing and transiting to foreign countries. Promulgator: The Government Chemical Law Promulgator: National Assembly The National Action Plan on Biodiversity up to 2010 and orientations towards 2020 for implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena protocol on Biosafety Promulgator: Prime Minister 134 Article 7 (2) Strictly forbids activities including exploitation and capture of biological resources by destructive tools and methods, and opposed to season and production allowed by regulations. Provides fi nes for electro, dynamite and chemical fi shing (see table 1 for details) Appendix 03 (VII) Ministry of Industrial manages the export and import of toxic chemicals and products in the list of allocated goods. Article 7 (4) Prohibited chemical practices include the use of toxic matters to hunt animals and the implementation of activities detrimental to human health, property and environment Cyanide is not mentioned specifi cally. Article 4 (c) Prevention, control and strict handling of illegal exploitation, trading and use of biological natural resources to eliminate destructive methods of exploiting biological natural resources and the destruction of sensitive ecosystems. Date Signed 2005 2005 2006 2007 2007
Summary of the Use of Cyanide in the Philippines Gil Adora and Aqualino Alvarez Philippines Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Background Live reef fi sh trade started as a hobby in early 1950s, based on BFAR studies and notes. Trade picked up after 10 years as other business men began investing. Importance of the LRF trade was noticed only in 1968 when export reached 3,931kg amounting to PhP 153, 329.00 (quite substantial at that time). In 1970, export value reached a million pesos and increased twenty-fold in a span of ten years. In the subsequent years, the live reef fi shes are within the top ten fi shery products exported by the country. Traditional methods include fi ne mesh nets, modified spear guns and hookah diving. Due to the lucrative nature of this business, catchers opted for easy, less expensive and environmentally destructive techniques such as the use of cyanide to stun the fi sh. Under Philippine laws, the trade of cyanide tainted live reef fi sh is not allowed. Such laws are Republic Act 8550, “Fisheries Act of 1998”; and Republic Act 6969, “An Act to Control Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes”. RA 8550 - Section 88 prohibits the use of obnoxious substances e.g. cyanide in fi shing. Under this law, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources is mandated to develop, improve, manage and conserve the country’s fi sheries and aquatic resources. BFAR monitors and regulates the importation and exportation of fish and marine fi shery and aquatic products. RA 6969 specifi es the requirements pertaining to the importation, manufacturing and use 135 of cyanide and cyanide compounds and its storage, transport and disposal of its generated wastes, and provides penalties for violations and for other purposes. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is the lead agency in the regulation of registration and importation of chemicals. BFAR as a cooperating agency issues endorsement letter provided that the client met the requirements. Cyanide Detection Test Before the 1990’s, cyanide analyses were conducted at the Chemistry Section of BFAR’s Post Harvest Division. The method used then, Picrate Method, can only give qualitative results, e.g. positive or negative. In the 1990s the distillation and ISE analytical method was introduced. CDT labs serve two major functions. The fi rst is support to law enforcement activities. Such activities may include evidences that require laboratory tests like fish and substances suspected to contain cyanide like the tablets and water in squirt bottles. When needed the laboratory chemist may be called to court hearings as an expert witness. The second is required by law that is analysis of samples for trading purposes, i.e. laboratory testing for live fi sh prior to shipment. CDT laboratories analyzed 2800 (on the average) samples in a year with the majority coming from the Palawan area. BFAR contracted the operation of its CDT labs with IMA since the agency was undermanned to attend to the large volume
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Proceedings of the International Cy
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Proceedings of the Cyanide Detectio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Proceedings of
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PREFACE The International Cyanide D
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International
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ATCA) in homogenized fi sh tissue m
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Validation of the ISE method applie
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Importing countries should also req
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INTRODUCTION Cyanide fi shing is a
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through the implementation of a net
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Working Group 2 The Export Working
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o o o o Can the U.S. require verifi
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Polymeric membrane based ion select
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Goal 2: Provide recommendations on
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hands-on training that develops a d
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Goal 3: Identify research needs to
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Working Group 1 Participants Bob KO
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estimated at roughly 3 to 5 days. H
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Goal 2 : Identify steps, agreements
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3) certifi cate, but tests positive
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Report from Working Group 3 The Par
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No. of Shipments 6,000 5,000 4,000
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Goal 3: Provide a recommendation wi
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Working Group 3 Participants Eric P
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Introduction Since the early 1960
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ainbow trout exposed to 40 mg SCN -
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Blennies, which were net-caught and
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electrical potential (similar to an
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in the Philippines under contract w
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endorsing the IMA’s use of the IS
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The intended products from the rese
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WPCF 1992, 1998). Both of these stu
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ASTM (1997) Standard test methods f
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Kuegsen, M., Kloock, J.P., Knobbe,
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Philippines. In Proceedings from th
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3) 4) 5) 6) the metabolism of cyani
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or new matrices. 5.2.3 Modifi catio
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Level Two: The method should be val
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of cyanide exposure and to identify
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Special considerations for the anal
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tissue samples indispensable. Altho
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y reduction and subsequent separati
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can also be used for analysis of cy
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thiocyanate in saliva and serum bas
Page 93 and 94: are many discrepancies in the liter
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Analytical Methods to dete
Page 97 and 98: Poisoning, In Textbook of military
Page 99 and 100: (70) Odoul, M., Fouillet, B., Nouri
Page 101 and 102: V. (1975) Stable reagents for the c
Page 103 and 104: (159) Felscher, D. and Wulfmeyer, M
Page 105 and 106: Purpose of this Document The purpos
Page 107 and 108: day. One cyanide tablet (2 g) is mi
Page 109 and 110: 10-90% following exposure to cyanid
Page 111 and 112: existing cyanide detection methods
Page 113 and 114: - Plasma lactate — elevated plasm
Page 115 and 116: Method Advantages Disadvantages Hig
Page 117 and 118: Paper Method Matrix Detection Limit
Page 119 and 120: Table 4 lists experts identifi ed t
Page 121 and 122: X Jerry Thomas CDC Em Steve Borron
Page 123 and 124: References Barber, C. and Pratt, V.
Page 125 and 126: Rates of Recovery. Environmental Ma
Page 127: COUNTRY REPORTS
Page 130 and 131: The first three of these destructiv
Page 132 and 133: enforcement is minimal. There is an
Page 134 and 135: 1. Management/guidance to the Minis
Page 136 and 137: in Vietnam now and requires more ef
Page 138 and 139: Figure 2: Administrative structure
Page 140 and 141: References Baquero, J. (1999) Marin
Page 142 and 143: Acronyms • CDT • Cyanide Detect
Page 146 and 147: of samples required for analysis. U
Page 148 and 149: Field test kit. BFAR recognizes the
Page 150 and 151: Political Will Having planted the s
Page 152 and 153: gravely by fi shing communities. Th
Page 154 and 155: ecome the partner and counterpart o
Page 157 and 158: Ion-Selective Electrodes for Cyanid
Page 159 and 160: References Alban, J., Manipula, B.E
Page 161 and 162: levels with mV readings recorded as
Page 163 and 164: Trends Determined by Cyanide Testin
Page 165 and 166: Implementing agencies: • Quaranti
Page 167: APPENDIX
Page 170 and 171: 1:30 Overview of and Potential Cyan
Page 172 and 173: Kristine Johnson Director Kingfi sh
Page 174: Assessment of U.S. Role in Trade: U
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