Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop

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Kristine Johnson Director Kingfi sher Foundation San Francisco, California, USA kmjohnson38@earthlink.net Brian Logue, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Chemistry South Dakota State University Brookings, SD, USA brian.logue@sdstate.edu Benita Manipula Former Chief Chemist International Marinelife Alliance Tres Martires City, Cavite, Philippines dragon9262002@yahoo.com Eddie McKissick Resident Agent in Charge US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Law Enforcement Miami, Florida, USA eddie_mckissick@fws.gov Glynnis Roberts US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring, Maryland, USA glynnis.roberts@noaa.com Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto President Telapak Bogor, Indonesia mbajing@indo.net.id 162 Roy Torres National Marine Fisheries Service US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Monterey, CA, USA Roy.Torres@noaa.gov Bob Kobelski, Ph.D. Lead Chemist National Center for Environmental Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, USA rmk9@cdc.gov Eric Punkay, Ph.D. Senior Research Associate SeaWeb/SeaStrategy Network Silver Spring, Maryland, USA epunkay@seaweb.org Peter Rubec, Ph.D. Research Scientist Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Saint Petersburg, FL, USA Peterrubec@cs.com Doug Thompson Senior Mediator and Director, Environment Practice Keystone Center Ashland, Massachusetts, USA dthompson@keystone.org Vicky Vina Supervisory Wildlife Inspector US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Law Enforcement Miami, Florida, USA vicky_vina@fws.gov
APPENDIX III U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Meeting May 4, 2006 Washington, DC Resolution 15-1: Form a Working Group on Enforcement and Utilize Task Force Expertise to Address the Illegal Use of Cyanide and Other Poisons in International Trade Responsible Party: USCRTF Steering Committee, International Working Group and Enforcement Representatives. Contacts: Karen Wardzinski, DOJ, Karen.Wardzinski@USDOJ.gov (202) 514-0474 Beth Lumsden, NOAA, Beth.Lumsden@NOAA.gov (301) 713-3459 x 107 Barbara Best, USAID, bbest@usaid.gov (202)-712-0553 Issue Statement: There is an urgent need for fast, reliable and convenient detection tests for determining whether cyanide and other poisons have been used in the collection of live coral reef fi sh entering into international trade. Many Task Force member agencies have expertise in toxicology, biomarkers and forensics that could be applied to this issue. Field-based cyanide detection tests would be extremely useful for local management and enforcement authorities in source countries. Tests that could be reliably used several weeks after exposure would also allow the U.S. to apply the Lacey Act to suspected illegal imports. Although illegal in most countries, the use of cyanide to capture reef fi sh alive is widespread, and is driven by the lucrative, growing and largely unregulated international trade in live reef food fi sh and marine aquarium industry. The U.S. is the number one consumer of live coral, live rock and coral reef fi sh for the aquarium trade and of coral skeletons and precious corals for curios and jewelry. Previous studies have estimated that most live reef fi sh entering into international trade and imported into the U.S. are collected with the use of cyanide, and thus are illegal. Background: Provide a brief history of relevant documents pertaining to the proposal being presented to the SC. Include relevance of EO 13089, Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, Coral Reef National Action Plan, Coral Reef Action Strategy, Local Action Strategies, Federal regulations or other pertinent guidance as necessary. Executive Order #13089 for the Protection of Coral Reefs mandates that the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force “…assess the U.S. role in international trade and protection of coral reef species and implement appropriate strategies and actions to promote conservation and sustainable use of coral reef resources worldwide.” The Coral Reef Action Plan calls for efforts to reduce global threats to coral reefs and to reduce the impacts of international trade in coral reef resources, through exercising global leadership in the international arena, strengthening international conventions, providing assistance and strengthening international research and management. 163
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Proceedings of the International Cy
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Proceedings of the Cyanide Detectio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Proceedings of
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PREFACE The International Cyanide D
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International
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ATCA) in homogenized fi sh tissue m
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Validation of the ISE method applie
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Importing countries should also req
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INTRODUCTION Cyanide fi shing is a
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through the implementation of a net
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Working Group 2 The Export Working
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o o o o Can the U.S. require verifi
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Polymeric membrane based ion select
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Goal 2: Provide recommendations on
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hands-on training that develops a d
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Goal 3: Identify research needs to
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Working Group 1 Participants Bob KO
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estimated at roughly 3 to 5 days. H
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Goal 2 : Identify steps, agreements
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3) certifi cate, but tests positive
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Report from Working Group 3 The Par
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No. of Shipments 6,000 5,000 4,000
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Goal 3: Provide a recommendation wi
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Working Group 3 Participants Eric P
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Introduction Since the early 1960
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ainbow trout exposed to 40 mg SCN -
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Blennies, which were net-caught and
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electrical potential (similar to an
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in the Philippines under contract w
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endorsing the IMA’s use of the IS
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The intended products from the rese
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WPCF 1992, 1998). Both of these stu
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ASTM (1997) Standard test methods f
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Kuegsen, M., Kloock, J.P., Knobbe,
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Philippines. In Proceedings from th
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3) 4) 5) 6) the metabolism of cyani
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or new matrices. 5.2.3 Modifi catio
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Level Two: The method should be val
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of cyanide exposure and to identify
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Special considerations for the anal
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tissue samples indispensable. Altho
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y reduction and subsequent separati
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can also be used for analysis of cy
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thiocyanate in saliva and serum bas
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are many discrepancies in the liter
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Table 3. Analytical Methods to dete
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Poisoning, In Textbook of military
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(70) Odoul, M., Fouillet, B., Nouri
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V. (1975) Stable reagents for the c
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(159) Felscher, D. and Wulfmeyer, M
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Purpose of this Document The purpos
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day. One cyanide tablet (2 g) is mi
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10-90% following exposure to cyanid
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existing cyanide detection methods
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- Plasma lactate — elevated plasm
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Method Advantages Disadvantages Hig
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Paper Method Matrix Detection Limit
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Table 4 lists experts identifi ed t
Page 121 and 122: X Jerry Thomas CDC Em Steve Borron
Page 123 and 124: References Barber, C. and Pratt, V.
Page 125 and 126: Rates of Recovery. Environmental Ma
Page 127: COUNTRY REPORTS
Page 130 and 131: The first three of these destructiv
Page 132 and 133: enforcement is minimal. There is an
Page 134 and 135: 1. Management/guidance to the Minis
Page 136 and 137: in Vietnam now and requires more ef
Page 138 and 139: Figure 2: Administrative structure
Page 140 and 141: References Baquero, J. (1999) Marin
Page 142 and 143: Acronyms • CDT • Cyanide Detect
Page 144 and 145: Law/Ordinance/Decree /Decision 52/2
Page 146 and 147: of samples required for analysis. U
Page 148 and 149: Field test kit. BFAR recognizes the
Page 150 and 151: Political Will Having planted the s
Page 152 and 153: gravely by fi shing communities. Th
Page 154 and 155: ecome the partner and counterpart o
Page 157 and 158: Ion-Selective Electrodes for Cyanid
Page 159 and 160: References Alban, J., Manipula, B.E
Page 161 and 162: levels with mV readings recorded as
Page 163 and 164: Trends Determined by Cyanide Testin
Page 165 and 166: Implementing agencies: • Quaranti
Page 167: APPENDIX
Page 170 and 171: 1:30 Overview of and Potential Cyan
Page 174: Assessment of U.S. Role in Trade: U
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