Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop

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Proceedings of the Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop Program Coordinator Andrew Bruckner, NOAA Fisheries Organizing Committee Andrew Bruckner, NOAA Fisheries, Headquarters Patty Debenham, SeaWeb Eric Punkay, SeaWeb/SeaStrategy Network Kristine Johnson, Kingfi sher Foundation Doug Thompson, Keystone Center Workshop Facilitator Doug Thompson, Keystone Center Workshop Group Leaders Brian Logue, South Dakota State University Robert Kobelski, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patty Debenham, SeaWeb Kristine Johnson, Kingfi sher Foundation Peter Rubec, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Sponsors NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Offi ce of Habitat Conservation Ecosystem Assessment Division Silver Spring, MD NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Silver Spring, MD Kingfi sher Foundation San Francisco, CA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop summarizes the outcome of a meeting held in Orlando, Florida, funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and Kingfi sher, with additional travel support provided through a contract from NOAA Fisheries Offi ce of Habitat Conservation to the International Marinelife Alliance. The workshop was developed in response to a Resolution on enforcement adopted by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force with the primary intent of mitigating the use of cyanide in the capture of reef fi sh for the marine aquarium trade (MAT) and the live reef food fi sh trade (LRFF). Initial consultations with the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF) Coral Trade Enforcement Working Group, including representatives from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Sheila Einsweiller), U.S. Department of State (Christine Dawson), NOAA (Andrew Bruckner; Beth Lumsden), U.S. Department of Justice (Karen Wardzinski) and U.S. Agency for International Development (Barbara Best) assisted in identifying workshop objectives and in developing a work plan. The workshop would not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the steering committee, Andy Bruckner, Patty Debenham, Eric Punkay and Kristine Johnson, who were responsible for developing the agenda, objectives, work plan and working group tasks, selecting participants, and pulling together background documents. We are grateful to SeaWeb, especially Eric Punkay, who helped with all logistical aspects of the workshop, including planning and travel arrangements and conference support. Dr. Peter Rubec also provided hours of dedicated time and assistance in the workshop, including organization and logistical arrangement for workshop participants from Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines, and compilation of extensive background information on cyanide detection. We are also grateful to Doug Thompson for his assistance in the fi nal development of the agenda and working group tasks and expertise as a facilitator. Without Doug’s involvement, we are unlikely to have accomplished anywhere near as much, and are especially appreciative of his efforts at keeping us on track. We are grateful to Brain Logue for his comprehensive white paper summarizing cyanide testing options and his patience in helping those of us that are not chemists in understanding some of the diffi culties in detecting cyanide exposure. We would like to recognize the dedicated efforts of Bob Kobeleski, Patty Debenham and Kristine Johnson as chairs of the working group sessions and for compiling the working group recommendations. All of the workshop participants need to be recognized for their excellent background presentations and white papers, and their cooperative efforts in addressing the terms of reference and developing recommendations within their respective working groups. Finally, special thanks go to Glynnis Roberts, a Knauss Sea Grant Fellow who was thrown into the middle of this on her fi rst week in the offi ce. Without Glynnis’ dedicated efforts, these proceedings would not be possible. I would also like to thank everyone for their cooperation and congenial interactions with other participants, given the complex and somewhat controversial nature of the problem. We had a very productive discussion of the issues surrounding the use of cyanide and options for iii
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the International Cy
Page 3: Proceedings of the Cyanide Detectio
Page 7: PREFACE The International Cyanide D
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International
Page 13 and 14: ATCA) in homogenized fi sh tissue m
Page 15 and 16: Validation of the ISE method applie
Page 17 and 18: Importing countries should also req
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION Cyanide fi shing is a
Page 21 and 22: through the implementation of a net
Page 23 and 24: Working Group 2 The Export Working
Page 25 and 26: o o o o Can the U.S. require verifi
Page 27 and 28: Polymeric membrane based ion select
Page 29 and 30: Goal 2: Provide recommendations on
Page 31 and 32: hands-on training that develops a d
Page 33 and 34: Goal 3: Identify research needs to
Page 35 and 36: Working Group 1 Participants Bob KO
Page 37 and 38: estimated at roughly 3 to 5 days. H
Page 39 and 40: Goal 2 : Identify steps, agreements
Page 41 and 42: 3) certifi cate, but tests positive
Page 43 and 44: Report from Working Group 3 The Par
Page 45 and 46: No. of Shipments 6,000 5,000 4,000
Page 47 and 48: Goal 3: Provide a recommendation wi
Page 49: Working Group 3 Participants Eric P
Page 53 and 54: Introduction Since the early 1960
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ainbow trout exposed to 40 mg SCN -
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Blennies, which were net-caught and
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electrical potential (similar to an
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in the Philippines under contract w
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endorsing the IMA’s use of the IS
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The intended products from the rese
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WPCF 1992, 1998). Both of these stu
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ASTM (1997) Standard test methods f
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Kuegsen, M., Kloock, J.P., Knobbe,
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Philippines. In Proceedings from th
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3) 4) 5) 6) the metabolism of cyani
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or new matrices. 5.2.3 Modifi catio
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Level Two: The method should be val
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of cyanide exposure and to identify
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Special considerations for the anal
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tissue samples indispensable. Altho
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y reduction and subsequent separati
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can also be used for analysis of cy
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thiocyanate in saliva and serum bas
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are many discrepancies in the liter
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Table 3. Analytical Methods to dete
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Poisoning, In Textbook of military
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(70) Odoul, M., Fouillet, B., Nouri
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V. (1975) Stable reagents for the c
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(159) Felscher, D. and Wulfmeyer, M
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Purpose of this Document The purpos
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day. One cyanide tablet (2 g) is mi
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10-90% following exposure to cyanid
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existing cyanide detection methods
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- Plasma lactate — elevated plasm
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Method Advantages Disadvantages Hig
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Paper Method Matrix Detection Limit
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Table 4 lists experts identifi ed t
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X Jerry Thomas CDC Em Steve Borron
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References Barber, C. and Pratt, V.
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Rates of Recovery. Environmental Ma
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COUNTRY REPORTS
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The first three of these destructiv
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enforcement is minimal. There is an
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1. Management/guidance to the Minis
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in Vietnam now and requires more ef
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Figure 2: Administrative structure
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References Baquero, J. (1999) Marin
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Acronyms • CDT • Cyanide Detect
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Law/Ordinance/Decree /Decision 52/2
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of samples required for analysis. U
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Field test kit. BFAR recognizes the
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Political Will Having planted the s
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gravely by fi shing communities. Th
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ecome the partner and counterpart o
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Ion-Selective Electrodes for Cyanid
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References Alban, J., Manipula, B.E
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levels with mV readings recorded as
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Trends Determined by Cyanide Testin
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Implementing agencies: • Quaranti
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APPENDIX
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1:30 Overview of and Potential Cyan
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Kristine Johnson Director Kingfi sh
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Assessment of U.S. Role in Trade: U
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