Appendices & Glossary - Botanical Research Institute of Texas

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APPENDIX FOUR SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION OF EAST TEXAS POACEAE (GRASS FAMILY) There has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of grass relationships in recent years, primarily due to the advent of molecular systematics (e.g., Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2000, 2001). As a consequence, there have been major changes in grass taxonomy. Many traditional relationships have been shown to be based on superficial morphological similarities and convergent evolution. On the other hand, early agrostologists, using limited characteristics, made significant breakthroughs which are still considered correct today. Currently, the Poaceae is considered to be composed of twelve subfamilies: Bambusoideae, Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, Ehrhartoideae, Centrothecoideae, Pooideae, Arundinoideae, Danthonioideae, Aristidoideae, Chloridoideae, and Panicoideae (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001), with representatives of nine of these occurring in East Texas. The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the 410 species of Poaceae found in East Texas are listed below. While the relationships among the grass subfamilies are not perfectly known, much progress has been made in this regard and is now widely available (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; www.virtualherbarium.org/grass/gpwg/default.htm). Based on multiple molecular data sets and morphological data (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001), the three earliest diverging grass lineages are the Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, and Puelioideae, which together account for only 30 species of grasses. All remaining extant grasses fall into a clade which is composed of two lineages, informally known as the PACCAD clade and the BEP clade (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001) (Fig. 175). The largest group, the PACCAD clade, which consists of the Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Centothecoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae, is now widely recognized as monophyletic and contains more than half of all species of Poaceae (Kellogg 2003). The other large group, the BEP clade, is composed of the Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pooideae. Its monophyly is still an unresolved question, with placement of the Pooideae as sister to the PACCAD clade almost equally parsimonious (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). All East Texas grass species fall within the BEP (three subfamilies) and PACCAD (six subfamilies) clades, and all nine subfamilies listed below are now widely accepted as being monophyletic groups (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). The subfamilial and tribal placement of the genera given below follows Flora of North America North of Mexico volumes 24 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee ined.) and 25 (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2003) and Grass Phylogeny Working Group (2001). BEP GRASSES Subfamily BAMBUSOIDEAE Tribe Bambuseae Arundinaria Bambusa Phyllostachys Subfamily EHRHARTOIDEAE Tribe Oryzeae Leersia Luziola Oryza Zizania Zizaniopsis Tribe Ehrharteae Ehrhartia Subfamily POOIDEAE Tribe Triticeae Aegilops Elymus Hordeum Secale Triticum Tribe Bromeae Bromus Tribe Poeae Briza Cynosurus Dactylus Desmazeria Festuca Lolium Parapholis Phalaris Poa Schlerochloa Vulpia Tribe Aveneae (recognized by Watson & Dalwitz 1992; put in Poeae by Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001) Agrostis Aira Alopecurus Anthoxanthum Avena Cinna Holcus Koeleria Limnodea
(continuation of Aveneae) Phalaris Phleum Polypogon Rostraria Sphenopholis Trisetum Tribe Meliceae Glyceria Melica Tribe Stipeae Nassella Piptochaetium Tribe Brachyelytreae Brachyelytrum Tribe Diarrheneae Diarrhena SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION OF EAST TEXAS POACEAE/APPENDIX FOUR 1167 PACCAD GRASSES Subfamily ARUNDINOIDEAE Tribe Arundineae Arundo Phragmites Subfamily CHLORIDOIDEAE Tribe Cynodonteae Buchloe Bouteloua Chloris Ctenium Cynodon Dactyloctenium Distichlis Eleusine Enteropogon Eragrostis Erioneuron Eustachys Gymnopogon Hilaria Leptochloa Monanthochloe Muhlenbergia Schedonnardus Spartina Sporobolus Tragus Trichloris Trichoneura Tridens Triplasis Tripogon Willkommia Zoysia Tribe Pappophoreae Pappophorum Subfamily CENTOTHECOIDEAE Tribe Centotheceae Chasmanthium Subfamily DANTHONIOIDEAE Tribe Danthonieae Cortaderia Danthonia Subfamily ARISTIDOIDEAE Tribe Aristideae Aristida Subfamily PANICOIDEAE Tribe Paniceae Anthenantia Axonopus Cenchrus Dichanthelium Digitaria Echinochloa Eriochloa Oplismenus Panicum Paspalidium Pennisetum Sacciolepis Setaria Steinchisma Stenotaphrum Urochloa Tribe Andropogoneae Arthraxon Andropogon Bothriochloa Coix Coelorachis Dichanthium Elionurus Eremochloa Heteropogon Imperata Microstegium Miscanthus Saccharum Schizachyrium Sorghastrum Sorghum Themeda Trachypogon Tripsacum Zea
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BOOKS FOR THE STUDY OF TEXAS NATIVE
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BOOKS FOR THE STUDY OF TEXAS NATIVE
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