Appendices & Glossary - Botanical Research Institute of Texas

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1230 APPENDIX FOURTEEN/BOOKS FOR THE STUDY OF TEXAS NATIVE PLANTS WASOWSKI, S. and J. RYAN. 1985. Landscaping with native Texas plants. Texas Monthly Press, Austin. WASOWSKI, S. and A. WASOWSKI. 1988. Native Texas plants: Landscaping region by region. Texas Monthly Press, Austin. WASOWSKI, S. and A. WASOWSKI. 1997. Native Texas gardens. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX. WATSON, G. 1975. Big Thicket plant ecology. Big Thicket Museum, Saratoga, TX. WAUER, R. H. 1973. Naturalist’s Big Bend. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College Station. WAUER, R. H. and D. RISKIND. 1974. Transactions of the symposium on the biological resources of the Chihuahuan Desert region U.S. and Mexico. Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute, Alpine, TX. YARBOROUGH, S.C. and A.M. POWELL. 2002. Ferns and fern allies of the Trans-Pecos and adjacent areas. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock. SUPPORTIVE BOMAR, G.W. 1983. Texas weather. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin. CARTER, W.T. 1931. The soils of Texas. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 431. FRAPS, G.S. and J.F. FUDGE. 1937. Chemical composition of soils of Texas. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. No. 549. GODFREY, C.L., G.S. MCKEE and H. OAKES. 1973. General soil map of Texas. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Misc. Publ. No. 1034. JORDAN, T.G., J.L. BEAN, JR., and W.M. HOLMES 1984. Texas: A geography. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. NATURAL FIBERS INFORMATION CENTER. 1987. The climates of Texas counties. Monogr. Series No. 2. Office of the State Climatologist, Dept. of Meteorology, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station. NORWINE, J., J.R. GIARDINO, G.R. NORTH, and J.B. VALDÉS, eds. 1995. The changing climate of Texas: Predictability and implications for the future. GeoBooks, Texas A&M Univ., College Station. RENFRO, H.B., D.E. FERAY, and P.B. KING. 1973. Geological highway map of Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK. SELLARDS, E.H., W.S. ADKINS, and F.B. PLUMMER. 1932. The geology of Texas, Vol. I, Stratigraphy. Univ. of Texas Press, Austin. SHELDON, R.A. 1979. Roadside geology of Texas. Mountain Press, Missoula, MT. SPEARING, D. 1991. Roadside geology of Texas. Mountain Press, Missoula, MT. STEPHENS, A.R. and W.M. HOLMES. 1989. Historical atlas of Texas. Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
APPENDIX FIFTEEN A SUGGESTED LIST OF ORNAMENTAL NATIVE PLANTS: TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, GRASSES, WILDFLOWERS, AND GROUND COVERS FOR EAST TEXAS DAVID CREECH AND DAWN STOVER SFA PINEYWOODS NATIVE PLANT CENTER STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS 75962, U.S.A. dcreech@sfasu.edu There are three reasons that native plants of East Texas are used in the landscapes of the region. 1. Many native plants are popular simply because they offer significant ornamental value: eyecatching and colorful flowers, unique foliage, edible or interesting fruit, distinctive seeds, bark, plant form or some other character that is found attractive and appealing by the public. 2. Many native plants are selected to maintain cohesion with the “natural” landscape of the area. Native plants have proven adaptation to the climate and soils of East Texas and are recognized as easy to establish and durable. Many native plants are used for their ecological appeal with a recognized history as wildlife food (see appendix 19), use by migratory birds, or as an attractant to butterflies (see appendix 20). 3. Many native plants are selected by nurseries and landscapers because they embrace a philosophy favoring greater native plant use or they intend to satisfy the wishes of the consumer. The client with a strong penchant for natives often directs the ultimate mix of plant materials planted in a site. There are other reasons often offered by garden writers and horticulturists to encourage greater use of native plants, some of which deserve elaboration. 1. Natives are more disease and insect resistant. This is not always true. Some native plants used in landscapes are quite easily attacked, disfigured, and even killed outright by indigenous pests. Dogwood, Cornus florida, is often recommended or requested in the East Texas region, yet it is often difficult to establish and susceptible to stress and disease-related short life problems. A midge often disfigures yaupon, Ilex vomitoria foliage. Tent caterpillars often wreak havoc on oaks, Quercus spp., and pecan, Carya illinoinenisis. There are many other examples. It’s more prudent to educate by saying, “Many natives are insect and disease tolerant.” 2. Natives are more drought resistant. This depends on the species and site selection. A native plant that normally finds its home in a swamp or stream-side spot may perform admirably in a drier site, but that’s not always the case. It’s probably better to say, “Many natives are drought resistant.” 3. Natives are less invasive. This is not always true. There are many natives that seed out heavily and create landscape maintenance issues. In East Texas, seedlings of oaks, elm, sweetgum, redbuds and others often emerge and proliferate, making for a ubiquitous maintenance problem in the landscape. Some natives sucker and spread thicket-like into garden areas where they are not desired. It’s probably better to say, “Many natives are not invasive in the landscape.” This list of suggested natives includes native plants commonly used in the landscapes of the region and also includes plants that are rarely available, offer landscape appeal, and should be considered for greater usage. The list also includes native plants from nearby regions of Texas that may not be present in the natural vegetation of the East Texas region. This list does not describe the many cultivars available, many of which may have been selected from regions of the South far distant from the East Texas region. This list is offered only as a starting point, and readers needing more detailed information are encouraged to consult horticultural websites in the area.
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REF. CODE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES APPE
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ILLUSTRATION SOURCES/APPENDIX ONE 1
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ILLUSTRATION SOURCES/APPENDIX ONE 1
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SUBCLASS COMMELINIDAE Flowers small
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ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTS CONTINUED) Orde
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(continuation of Aveneae) Phalaris
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APPENDIX TWENTY-FOUR ELRAY S. NIXON
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1356 APPENDIX TWENTY-FOUR/ELRAY S.
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1358 APPENDIX TWENTY-FIVE/LYNN R. L
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1360 GLOSSARY/AMENT-ARIL AMENT (= C
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1362 GLOSSARY/ARILLATE-BISECTED ARI
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1364 GLOSSARY/BISERIATE-CAPITULUM B
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1366 GLOSSARY/CAPSULAR-COARCTATE CA
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1368 GLOSSARY/COB-CORONA COB Rachis
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1370 GLOSSARY/CORONIFORM SCALES-DEC
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1372 GLOSSARY/DEFLEXED-DOCTRINE OF
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1374 GLOSSARY/EROSE-FISSURED egrota
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A 1376 GLOSSARY/GLOCHID-HETEROCARPO
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1378 GLOSSARY/INDETERMINATE-LACTIFE
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A 1380 GLOSSARY/M-MULTIFLOROUS M M
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1382 GLOSSARY/OLIGO-PEDUNCULAR prim
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