CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO

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126 Lawrence W. Powers Range: Massachusetts to Florida; northwest Florida to Texas; Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Depth: shore to 16 m (to 9 fm). Habitat: mud, shell, and gravel bottoms; there are two forms of this crab along the northern Gulf coast: the larger is a commensal with the polychaetes Amphitrite ornata and Chaetopterus variopedatus, living inside the tubes of the hosts; the smaller form occupies the upper portion of burrows of Callinassa jamaicense louisianensis. Remarks: Larval stages were described by 0. W. Hyman (1924), Lebour (1928), and Aikawa (1937). Sandifer (1973) noted aspects of larval ecology in Virginia. Williams (1965) summarized current literature on this species and MacGinitie and MacGinitie (1968) provided a general account of its life history. Johnson (1952) described a "host factor" for this crab. Behavioral studies include Pearse (1913) and Gra}^ (1961), including notes on symbiotic relationships. Craig (1974) measured temperature tolerances and oxygen consumption. Listed from Florida by Wass (1955), Menzel (1971), and Godcharles and Jaap (1973) and from Mississippi by Richmond (1962) and Christmas and Langley (1973). Listed from Brazil by Righi (1967), Rodrigues da Costa (1971) and Coelho and Ramos (1972). Pinnixa cristata V^aXhhun, 1900 (Amer. Natural. 34: 589) Hay & Shore, 1918, p. 446, pi. 36, fig. 5; Rathbun, 1918, p. 134, text-fig, 78, pi. 29, figs. 8-9; Williams, 1965, p. 210, fig. 193; Felder, 1973a, p. 74, pi. 10, fig. 6; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 106. Range: North and South Carolina; Louisiana and Texas. Habitat: intertidal beaches; shallow sand and sand-mud substrates of brackish to marine waters; usually commensal with callinassid shrimps and other burrowers. Remarks: Hedgpeth (1950) described these crab from salt flats that border the bays and intercoastal waterways of Texas. MacGinitie and MacGinitie (1968) included information on the ecology of this species. Listed from Louisiana by Behre (1950). Pinnixa cylindrica (Say, 1818) (J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 452) Hay & Shore, 1918, p. 446, pi. 36, fig. 3; Rathbun, 1918, p. 159, text-fig. 99, pi. 35, figs. 5, 8; Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1923, p. 343; Williams, 1965, p. 213, fig. 197; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 106. Range: Massachusetts to South Carolina; west and northwest coasts of Florida. Depth: shallow water to 37 m (to20fm). Habitat: commensal with Arenicola cristata (lugworm) in the non-tubular burrows; young crabs occur near the intertidal zone of slimy shores. Remarks: McDermott (1962) provided a general account of this species, which is also summarized by Williams (1965). Sandifer (1973) commented on larval ecology in Virginia. Listed by Menzel (1971) from northwest Florida. Pinnixa floridana Rathbun, 1918 (Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. 97: 138) Rathbun, 1918, p. 138, te.\t-fig. 82, pi. 30, figs. 4-7; Williams, McCloskey & Gray, 1968, p. 57, fig. 13; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 110.
Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 127 Range: North Carolina; west and northwest coasts of Florida. Habitat: shallow water, possibly in tubes of the polychaete, Diopatra cuprea; collected from a compound ascidian growing on a soft coral; from under rocks in 10 feet of water. Remarks: Rathbun (1918) commented on morphological variation between the sexes of this species. Listed from Florida by Wass (1955) andMenzel (1971). Pinnixa leplosynaptae Yfass, 1968 (Tulane Stud. Zool. 14: 137) Wass, 1968, p. 137, figs. 1-6; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 112. Range: west coast of Florida. Habitat: found on the surface of the holothurian Leptosynapta crassipatina. Remarks: Listed from northwest Florida by Menzel (1971). Pinnix(dlunzi G\a55e\\ 1937 (Charleston Mus. Leaflet 9: 3) Glassell, 1937, p. 3, figs. 1-8; Williams, 1965, p. 214, figs. 198-199; Felder, 1973a, p. 71, pi. 10, fig. 4; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 114. Range: Virginia to Georgia; Mississippi to Texas. Depth: near shore to 22 m (to 12 fm). Habitat: on beaches, under drift material; in burrows of echiurans (Thalassema hartmani) and possibly other burrowers. Remarks: Boesch (1971) listed this crab from an echiuran burrow in Virginia. Felder (1973b) reported a specimen taken from a red snapper stomach from a reef off Texas. Pinnixa pearsei Wass, 1955 (Quart. J. Flor. Acad. Sci. 18: 164) Wass, 1955, p. 164, figs. 10-13; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 116. Range: northwest coast of Florida. Habitat: commensal in tubes of the polychaete, Diopatra, from sand-mud beaches. Remarks: Listed from northwest Florida by Abele (1970) andMenzel (1971). Although Menzel (1971) listed this crab as a commensal of an undetermined annelid, Abele (1970) stated that the crab does not seem to be restricted to commensal relationships where it was common in the sand-mud intertidal zone of Alligator Harbor's south shore. Pinnixa relinens Rathbun, 1918 (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 97: 139) Ratlihun, 1918, p. 139, text-figs. 83-84, pi. 41, figs. 1-2; Williams, 1965, p. 212, fig. 196; Felder, 1973a, p. 74, pi. 10, fig. 7; Schmitt, McCain & Davidson, 1973, p. 118. Range: Chesapeake Bay; west coast of Florida; Texas. Depth: low tide mark to 37 m (to 20 fm). Habitat: mud bottoms of estuarine and marine waters; from burrows of the callinassid shrimp, Upogebia affinis. Remarks: Rathbun (1918) believed this crab to be allied with P. floridana. Listed from Florida by Wass (1955) and Menzel (1971). Williams (1965) included this species in the Carolina fauna, even though it hadn't yet been collected from that area. Based on the wide range of locales but paucity of specimens, it is probably a rare species.
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a catalogue & bibliography to the C
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Editor: DONALD E. WOHLSCHLAG Editor
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgme
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INTRODUCTION The purpose of this ca
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I Crabs SECTION DROMIACEA de Haan,
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Family TABLE II Endemic and Total S
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Family Dromiidae Prosopidae Homolid
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 15 FIG.
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FIG. 4. Surface currents of the Gul
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 19 tive
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 21 Rema
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 23 Dept
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 25 foss
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CycZorforippe orn«fa Chace, 1940 (
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 29 Ethu
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 33 exam
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 35 Will
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Callidactylus Stimpson, 1871 Crabs
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Persephona I^each, 1817 Persephona
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 41 and
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Aepinus Rathbun, 1897 Crabsof the G
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 45 Dept
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Slenor/iync/iMs Lamarck, 1818 Crabs
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 51 Rang
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 53 atta
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 55 Milh
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 5 7 Ban
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 59 base
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Pif/io Bell, 1835 Crabs of the Gulf
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Holoplites Rathbun, 1894 Crabs of t
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 65 lett
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 67 Roch
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Tutankhamen Rathbun, 1925 Crabs of
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Page 75 and 76: Crabs of ihe Gulf of Mexico 75 pis.
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Page 87 and 88: The Freshwater Crabs Crabs of the G
Page 89 and 90: Carpoporus Stimpson, 1871 Crabsof t
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Page 105 and 106: Piluninus L,each, 1815 Crabs of the
Page 107 and 108: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 107 Dep
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Page 115 and 116: McCloskey & Gray, 1968, p. 52, fig.
Page 117 and 118: Range: north coast of Cuba; Puerto
Page 119 and 120: Depth: 112 to 545 m (61 to 298 fm).
Page 121 and 122: Crabs of t he Giilf of Mexico 121 f
Page 123 and 124: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 123 Ila
Page 125: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 125 Pec
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Page 141 and 142: Ocypoda arenaria Sa}^ 1817. Crabs o
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Page 147 and 148: Ilea pugnax (Smith, 1870). Crabs of
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Page 165 and 166: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 165 HEN
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Page 175 and 176: 1-127. Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico \77 •
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 179 SKO
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 181 TRU
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 183 . 1
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186 Lawrence W. Powers C. cubensis
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188 Lawrence W. Powers M. crebripun
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190 Lawrence W. Powers T. granulosu
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CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO

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