CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO

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64 Lawrence W. Powers Jachowski (1963) noted a similar relationship with Aurelia aurita. Wass (1955) noted that one female crab was covered with 93 barnacles {Balanus) and Pearse (1952) reported copepods in the gills and on the carapace of this crab in Texas waters. Development of this species in the laboratory was described by Sandifer and van Engel (1971). Ayres (1938) compared relationships between habitat and oxygen consumption and Gray (1957) correlated habitat and gill surface area in this species. Other physiological studies include tolerance to desiccation and salinity changes (Pearse, 1929) and the physiological activitj^ and neurosecretions of the pericardial organs (Berlind and Cooke, 1970). Libinia eniarginala Leach, 1815 (Zool. Misc., 2: 130) Common Name: Common Spider Crab Hay & Shore, 1918, p. 456, pi. 38, fig. 6; Rathbun, 1925, p. 311, text-figs. 103-104', pis. 110-113; Williams, 1965, p. 232, figs. 231, 233H; Felder, 1973a, p. 52, pi. 7, fig. 7. Range: Nova Scotia to south Florida; Florida Keys; west coast of Florida to Mexico. Pacific coast records are probably erroneous (Garth, 1958). Depth: shore to 49m (to27fm),rarely to 124 m (68 fm). Habitat: on all types of substrates, but most common on mud and mud-sand in shallow waters. Remarks: Gulf records of this species and L. dubia may be confused due to similarity of the juvenile stages. Wass (1955) compares the key morphological features of the two species. Listed from Florida (Wass, 1955; Menzel, 1971), Mississippi (Richmond, 1962; Franks ei al, 1972), Louisiana (Behre, 1950; Hoese and Valentine, 1972), Texas (Gunter, 1950; Hildebrand, 1954; Parker, 1959; Leary, 1967), Mexico (Hildebrand, 1954), and the Gulf of Mexico (Chace, 1956). Hildebrand (1954) states that this species is the most common large spider crab in the westez-n Gulf of Mexico, reversing the numerical dominance relationship with L. dubia that is found in the eastern Gulf. Like L. dubia, young L. cmarginala are often associated with the cabbagehead jellyfish, Siomolophus meleagris. Ovigerous females are present in the western Gulf in February and are common in July. Hoese and Valentine (1972) collected a crab from the Chandeleur Islands that was covered with the bryozoan, Bugula. Musick and McEachran (1972) reported a depth range of 18 to 51 m for this crab in Chesapeake Bight. Aldrich (1976) reported predaticn by this crab on the starfish, Asterias. Forward (1977) described shadow responses of the larval stages. Other studies include: measurement of gill surface area in relation to habitat (Gray, 1957), biochemical adaptations to temperature variation (Vernberg and Vernberg, 1968), osmoregulation (Gilles, 1970), physiology of molting (Skinner and Graham, 1972), sterol synthesis in larval stages (Whitney, 1969), vitellogenesis (Hinsch and Cone, 1969), sperm structure (Hinsch, 1973), growth biometrics (Aldrich, 1974), reproductive physiology (Hinsch, 1970), neural fine structure (Skobe and Nunnemacher, 1970), antennule chemosensitivity (Haz-
Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 65 lett, 1971), pericardial organ neurosecretion (Berlind and Cook, 1970), and behavior related to copulation and reproduction (Hinsch, 1968). Lihinia erinacea (A. Milne Edwards, 1879) (Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 202) Rathbun, 1925, p. 321, pi. 109. Range: Florida Keys; southeast to northwest Florida; north coast of Cuba. Depth: 4 to 68 m (2 to 37 fm). Habitat: sand-mud and rock bottoms; in patches of moss. Remarks: The status of this species is confused due to a paucity of mature specimens. Rathbun (1925) remarked on the close resemblance of this specie.^ to L. dubia, but she also listed differences between the two forms. Tabb and Manning (1961) also questioned the status of this crab as a distinct species and Abele (1970) compared the types of the two species and concluded that further examination of more mature specimens will be required. Abele (1970) also noted that the type specimen of L. erinacea is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) and not in the Paris Museum, as indicated bj'^ Rathbun (1925). Listed as uncommon at Apalachee Bay, Florida hj Menzel (1971). Libinia rhoinhoidea Streets, 1870 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 106) Rathbun, 1925, p. 323, pis. 116-117, pi. 24.5, figs. 1-3. Range: west and north coasts of Cuba; off Merida, Yucatan (Gulf coast). Depth and Habitat: no data available. Remarks: Rathbun (1925) believed that the tj^pe locality of "East Indies" was probably an error. She also compared this species with L. dubia and noted variation in size of the spines. mhilia A. Milne Edwards, 1878 ^'ibiIia anlilocapra (Stimpson, 1871) (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 2: 110) Rathbun, 192S, p. 290, text-fig. 97, pis. 102-103, 239; Williams, 1965, p. 251, figs. 230, 233F. Range: North Carolina; southeast Florida; off Mobile, Alabama; Gulf of Campeche, Mexico; St. Vincent; Barbados. Depth: 71 to256m (39to 140fm). Habitat: mud, sand, broken shell, rock, and coral bottoms. Remarks: Ovigerous females were collected at St. Vincent in February and at Barbados in March (Rathbun, 1925). Recorded by Chace (1956) from the Gulf of Mexico, some distance west of Dry Tortugas. PeZi« Bell, 1836 Pelia miillca (Gibbes, 1850) (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 3: 171) Hay & Shore, 1918, p. 455, pi. 38, fig. 7; Rathbun, 1925, p. 278, text-fig. 94, pi. 98, figs. 2-3; Ratiibun, 1933, p. 18, fig. 19; Williams, 1965, p. 250, figs. 229, 233E; Felder, 1973a, p. 53, pi. 7, fig. 13. Range: Massachusetts to south Florida; Florida Keys; west coast of Florida to
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a catalogue & bibliography to the C
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Editor: DONALD E. WOHLSCHLAG Editor
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgme
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INTRODUCTION The purpose of this ca
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I Crabs SECTION DROMIACEA de Haan,
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Family TABLE II Endemic and Total S
Page 13 and 14: Family Dromiidae Prosopidae Homolid
Page 15 and 16: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 15 FIG.
Page 17 and 18: FIG. 4. Surface currents of the Gul
Page 19 and 20: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 19 tive
Page 21 and 22: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 21 Rema
Page 23 and 24: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 23 Dept
Page 25 and 26: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 25 foss
Page 27 and 28: CycZorforippe orn«fa Chace, 1940 (
Page 29 and 30: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 29 Ethu
Page 33 and 34: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 33 exam
Page 35 and 36: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 35 Will
Page 37 and 38: Callidactylus Stimpson, 1871 Crabs
Page 39 and 40: Persephona I^each, 1817 Persephona
Page 41 and 42: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 41 and
Page 43 and 44: Aepinus Rathbun, 1897 Crabsof the G
Page 49 and 50: Slenor/iync/iMs Lamarck, 1818 Crabs
Page 51 and 52: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 51 Rang
Page 53 and 54: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 53 atta
Page 55 and 56: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 55 Milh
Page 57 and 58: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 5 7 Ban
Page 59 and 60: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 59 base
Page 61 and 62: Pif/io Bell, 1835 Crabs of the Gulf
Page 63: Holoplites Rathbun, 1894 Crabs of t
Page 67 and 68: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 67 Roch
Page 71 and 72: Tutankhamen Rathbun, 1925 Crabs of
Page 75 and 76: Crabs of ihe Gulf of Mexico 75 pis.
Page 77 and 78: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 77 spec
Page 79 and 80: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 79 tole
Page 81 and 82: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 81 Love
Page 83 and 84: Crabsof the Gulf of Mexico 83 Habit
Page 85 and 86: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 85 Habi
Page 87 and 88: The Freshwater Crabs Crabs of the G
Page 89 and 90: Carpoporus Stimpson, 1871 Crabsof t
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Page 97 and 98: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 97 of b
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Page 105 and 106: Piluninus L,each, 1815 Crabs of the
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Page 109 and 110: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 109 Mis
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McCloskey & Gray, 1968, p. 52, fig.
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Range: north coast of Cuba; Puerto
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Depth: 112 to 545 m (61 to 298 fm).
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Crabs of t he Giilf of Mexico 121 f
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 123 Ila
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 125 Pec
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 127 Ran
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 129 lan
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 131 As
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 133 Car
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 135 Ses
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 137 74;
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 139 197
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Ocypoda arenaria Sa}^ 1817. Crabs o
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 143 Vca
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 145 Ran
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Ilea pugnax (Smith, 1870). Crabs of
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 149 Jam
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 151 ADK
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 153 and
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 155 . 1
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 15 7
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 159 ENG
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^ Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 163 .
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 165 HEN
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 171 MEN
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 173 ONG
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1-127. Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico \77 •
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 179 SKO
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 181 TRU
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186 Lawrence W. Powers C. cubensis
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188 Lawrence W. Powers M. crebripun
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190 Lawrence W. Powers T. granulosu
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CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO

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