CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO

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80 Lawrence W. Powers Behavioral studies include: agonistic displays (Jachowski, 1974), larval shadow responses (Forward, 1977), analyses of swimming behavior (Spirito, 1972), predation on oyster spats (Lunz, 1947), quahogs (Carriker, 1951; Haven and Andrews, 1957), and gastropods (Hamilton, 1976), predator avoidance (Gunter, 1954), sex recognition (Teytaud, 1971), and climbing behavior on vegetation (Abbott, 1967). Developmental studies include: lar\âl rearing in the laboratory (Costlow and Bookhout, 1959, 1960a; Bust and Carlson, 1960; Davis, 1965), feeding of larvae (Sulkin and Epifanio, 1975), variability in morphology of larvae (Tj'ler and Cargo, 1963; Costlow, 1965), hormonal control of development (Costlow, 1963), zoeal growth and survival (Sandoz and Rogers, 1944), effects of pesticides on larval development (Bookhout and Costlow, 1976), salinity-temperature effects on larvae (Costlow, 1967; Rosenberg and Costlow, 1976), growth of juveniles (Gray and Newcombe, 1938; Tagatz, 1969b; Holland, Aldrich and Strawn, 1971), and development of cheliped laterality (Hamilton, Nishimoto and Halusky,1976). Physiological studies include: effects of salinity on growth at terminal molt (Haefner and Shuster, 1964), ionic and osmotic regulation ( Gifford, 1962a; Tan and van Engel, 1966; Mantel, 1967; Copeland and Fitzjarrell, 1968; Ballard and Abbott, 1969; Tagatz, 1971; Gerard and Gilles, 1972; Mangum and Amende, 1972; Lynch et al., 1973; Towles et al., 1976; Mangum et al., 1976; Mangum and Towle, 1977), respiration and respiratory pigments (Ayres, 1938; Gray, 1957; Horn and Kerr, 1963, 1969; Bonaventura et al., 1974; Engel and Eggert, 1974; Mangum and Weiland, 1975; Weiland and Mangum, 1975; Lewis and Haefner, 1976; Laird and Haefner, 1976), hemolymph volume (Gleeson and Zubkoff, 1977), responses of megalops to pressure (Naylor and Isaac, 1973), gross anatomy and fine structure (Cochran, 1935; Cronin, 1947; Pyle and Cronin, 1950; Jahromi and Govind, 1976), ultrastructure of sperm (G. C. Brown, 1966), partial albinism (Sims and Joyce, 1966), neuroendocrinology (Costlow, 1963; Payen et al., 1971; Andrews, Copeland and Fingerman, 1971; Skinner and Graham, 1972; Andrews, 1973; Ludolph, Paganalli and Mote, 1973), biochemical adaptations (Vernberg and Vernberg, 1968; Robert and Gray, 1972), neurobiology (Mendelson, 1963, 1966; Skobe and Nunnemacher, 1970; Hazlett, 1971; White and Spirito, 1973; Mtiynard and Dando, 1974; Reingold, 1975; Steinacker, 1975), fluoride metabolism (Moore, 1971), effects of DDT (Sheridan, 1975), homolymph coagulation (Morrison and Morrison, 1952), and temperature effects on growth and metabolism (Tagatz, 1969a; Leffler, 1972). Studies on parasitology and pathology include: parasitic barnacles (Himnes, 1941a; Reinhard, 1950a, 1950b; Adkins, 1972a), external barnacles (Williams and Porter, 1964), effects of nemerteans on reproduction (Hopkins, 1947), infections of nemerteans in gills (Pearse, 1949), amoebic infections (Sprague and Beckett, 1966; Sawyer, 1969; Sprague, Beckett and Sawyer, 1969; Pauley, Newman and Gould, 1975), effects of amoeba infections on hemocjê values (Sawyer, Cox and Higginbottom, 1970), gas-bubble disease (Johnson, 1976), microsporid infections (Sprague, 1965, 1966), bacterial infections (Krantz, Colwell and
Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 81 Lovelace, 1969; Cook and Lofton, 1973), fungal infections (Couch, 1942; Newcombe and Rogers, 1947; Rogers-Talbert, 1948; Bland eZ al., 1976) andtrematode infections (Overstz'eet and Perry, 1972). Commercial fishery and mariculture reports include: Texas fishery (Daugherty, 1952a; More, 1969), Louisiana fishery (Jaworski, 1970; Adkins, 1972b), Mississippi fishery (Perret, 1967; Perry, 1975), Chesapeake Bay fishery (Truitt, 1939; van Engel, 1958; Miller, Sulkin and Lippson, 1975), methods for handling soft crabs (Haefner and Garten, 1974), migration in bays and estauries (Fiedler, 1930), and mariculture (Rust and Carlson, 1960; Sulkin and Epifanio, 1975). Tlie preceding does not include unpublished reports of state Fish and Game Commissions, which contain statistics on commercial landings and are further sim:imarized by publications of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Callinectes sirnilis Williams, 1966 (Tulane Stud. Zool. 13: 87) Common Name: Lesser Blue Crab As C danae—Raihhun, 1930, p. 118 (part). As C. onialus—Hay & Shore, 1918, p. 433, pi. 34, fig. 2; Conlreras, 1930, p. 231 (part), ? fig. 4; Ratlibun, 1930, p. 114 (part); Williams, 1965, p. 172, fig. 152. As C. si"mi7i.s—Williams, 1966, p. 87, figs. 3, 4E^F; Felder, 1973a, p. 58, pi. 8, fig. 1; Williams, 1974a, p. 731, figs. 4, 18a (not 18b), 20c, 22a, 24. Range: Delaware Bay to southern Florida; Florida Keys; northwest Florida to Campeche, Yucatan, including Gulf coast of United States and Mexico. Depth: shore to 92 m (50 fm). Habitat: in ocean waters, near shore on sand and mud bottoms, often in association with populations of C. sapidus; in bays and estuaries, rarely below salinities of 15 ppt (Hoese, 1960 lists a range of 4.7 to 45 ppt), most common at 25 to 37 ppt; temperature ranges of 13 to 29°C. in the Gulf, slightly higher in Texas bays. Remarks: With the exception of southwest Florida, all Gulf coast records of C. danae and C. ornatus for the United States and Mexico should be referred to C. sirnilis. Regional lists, including records under danae and ornatus, include Florida (Wass, 1955; Tagatz, 1967; Abele, 1970), Mississippi (Richmond, 1962 Franks et al., 1972; Christmas and Langley, 1973), Louisiana (Behre, 1950 Dawson, 1966), Texas (Gunter, 1950; Daugherty, 1952b; Hildebrand, 1954 Simmons, 1957; Hoese, 1960; Breuer, 1962; Leary, 1967; Hoese ei al, 1968), and Campeche (Hildebrand, 1955). Nocturnal swimming at the surface was noted by Franks e:« «Z. (1972). Cronius Stimpson, 1860 Cronius ruber (Lamarck, 1818) (Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, p. 260) Rathbun, 1930, p. 139, pis. 62-63; Rathbun, 1933, p. 51; Gartli, 1965a, p. 15; Williams, 1965, p. 174, fig. 154; Felder, 1973a, p. 55, pi. 8, fig. 3. Range: South Carolina to south Florida; Dry Tortugas; off Texas; off Campeche, Mexico; Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; St. Thomas, Virgin Islands to Dominica; Caribbean coast of Panama; Amapa to Santa Catarina, Brazil; in
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a catalogue & bibliography to the C
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Editor: DONALD E. WOHLSCHLAG Editor
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgme
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INTRODUCTION The purpose of this ca
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I Crabs SECTION DROMIACEA de Haan,
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Family TABLE II Endemic and Total S
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Family Dromiidae Prosopidae Homolid
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 15 FIG.
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FIG. 4. Surface currents of the Gul
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 19 tive
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 21 Rema
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 23 Dept
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 25 foss
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CycZorforippe orn«fa Chace, 1940 (
Page 29 and 30: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 29 Ethu
Page 31 and 32: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 31 Rema
Page 33 and 34: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 33 exam
Page 35 and 36: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 35 Will
Page 37 and 38: Callidactylus Stimpson, 1871 Crabs
Page 39 and 40: Persephona Iêach, 1817 Persephona
Page 41 and 42: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 41 and
Page 43 and 44: Aepinus Rathbun, 1897 Crabsof the G
Page 45 and 46: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 45 Dept
Page 47 and 48: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 47 Rema
Page 49 and 50: Slenor/iync/iMs Lamarck, 1818 Crabs
Page 51 and 52: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 51 Rang
Page 53 and 54: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 53 atta
Page 55 and 56: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 55 Milh
Page 57 and 58: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 5 7 Ban
Page 59 and 60: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 59 base
Page 61 and 62: Pif/io Bell, 1835 Crabs of the Gulf
Page 63 and 64: Holoplites Rathbun, 1894 Crabs of t
Page 65 and 66: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 65 lett
Page 67 and 68: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 67 Roch
Page 71 and 72: Tutankhamen Rathbun, 1925 Crabs of
Page 75 and 76: Crabs of ihe Gulf of Mexico 75 pis.
Page 77 and 78: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 77 spec
Page 79: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 79 tole
Page 83 and 84: Crabsof the Gulf of Mexico 83 Habit
Page 85 and 86: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 85 Habi
Page 87 and 88: The Freshwater Crabs Crabs of the G
Page 89 and 90: Carpoporus Stimpson, 1871 Crabsof t
Page 91 and 92: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 91 it b
Page 97 and 98: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 97 of b
Page 99 and 100: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 99 Dept
Page 101 and 102: 7'^ Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 101
Page 103 and 104: Crabs of the Gulf oj Mexico 103 Pan
Page 105 and 106: Piluninus L,each, 1815 Crabs of the
Page 107 and 108: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 107 Dep
Page 109 and 110: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 109 Mis
Page 111 and 112: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 111 bet
Page 113 and 114: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 113 Rem
Page 115 and 116: McCloskey & Gray, 1968, p. 52, fig.
Page 117 and 118: Range: north coast of Cuba; Puerto
Page 119 and 120: Depth: 112 to 545 m (61 to 298 fm).
Page 121 and 122: Crabs of t he Giilf of Mexico 121 f
Page 123 and 124: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 123 Ila
Page 125 and 126: Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 125 Pec
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 131 As
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 133 Car
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 135 Ses
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 137 74;
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 139 197
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Ocypoda arenaria Sa}^ 1817. Crabs o
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 143 Vca
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 145 Ran
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Ilea pugnax (Smith, 1870). Crabs of
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 149 Jam
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 151 ADK
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 153 and
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 155 . 1
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 15 7
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 159 ENG
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^ Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 163 .
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 165 HEN
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 171 MEN
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 173 ONG
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1-127. Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico \77 •
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 179 SKO
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Crabs of the Gulf of Mexico 181 TRU
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186 Lawrence W. Powers C. cubensis
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188 Lawrence W. Powers M. crebripun
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190 Lawrence W. Powers T. granulosu
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CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO

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