- Page 1 and 2: Tracing the Source of the Elephant
- Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents List of Tables iv
- Page 5 and 6: Mechanisms of Late Bronze Age trade
- Page 7 and 8: List of Figures Figure 1. Morpholog
- Page 9 and 10: Figure 35. Average δ 13 C values o
- Page 11 and 12: Figure 69. KW 2557 (Hippopotamus tu
- Page 13 and 14: “merchants” to a larger degree
- Page 15 and 16: skeletal part to verify the presenc
- Page 17 and 18: possibility of sophisticated scient
- Page 19 and 20: B.C. and resumed Egyptian campaigni
- Page 21 and 22: urbanization at centers such as Enk
- Page 23 and 24: incisors”) of the elephant. Each
- Page 25 and 26: Dentine in elephant tusks is essent
- Page 27 and 28: perpendicular to the tubules....[co
- Page 29 and 30: Figure 3 : The incisors and canines
- Page 31 and 32: for the elephant, is where the dent
- Page 33 and 34: Chapter 3 The Archaeological, Histo
- Page 35 and 36: pastoralism. Today most of the hipp
- Page 37: emains in the Syro-Palestinian regi
- Page 41 and 42: Figure 13: The distribution of Midd
- Page 43 and 44: Figure 14: 18 th Dynasty Egyptian t
- Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4 The Archaeological, Histo
- Page 47 and 48: Figure 16: Present distribution of
- Page 49 and 50: Maghreb was inaccessible or nonexis
- Page 51 and 52: flooding and dense human population
- Page 53 and 54: BCE), mentions imports of approxima
- Page 55 and 56: The degree of contact between the L
- Page 57 and 58: Minoan and Mycenaean sherds from th
- Page 59 and 60: are lacking in North Africa, but th
- Page 61 and 62: Part II: The Syrian Elephant Turnin
- Page 63 and 64: Figure 22: Location of Ghab Valley
- Page 65 and 66: elephants show a lower preference f
- Page 67 and 68: similar to those of the African ele
- Page 69 and 70: Chapter 5 Ivory Workshops in the La
- Page 71 and 72: of the waste pieces may be reused f
- Page 73 and 74: ivory and silver (Odyssey XIX.55) a
- Page 75 and 76: century B.C. (LH I-LH IIIB), but th
- Page 77 and 78: ivory from a burnt deposit in Thebe
- Page 79 and 80: Tell Fakhariyah has only yielded ex
- Page 81 and 82: Figure 28: Comparison of utilizatio
- Page 83 and 84: Much of the discussion about Palest
- Page 85 and 86: (Lilyquist 1998: 27; Gachet 1993: 7
- Page 87 and 88: argues that for both of the types
- Page 89 and 90:
The End of Ivory-working in the LBA
- Page 91 and 92:
study residence and mobility. Katze
- Page 93 and 94:
feeding on the plant (Sukumar and R
- Page 95 and 96:
4‰ lower than those of marine pla
- Page 97 and 98:
Studies which have focused on evalu
- Page 99 and 100:
sediments in one area had isotopic
- Page 101 and 102:
local environment, and thus answer
- Page 103 and 104:
Figure 32: Sr concentrations plotte
- Page 105 and 106:
Figure 34: 87 Sr/ 86 Sr vs. age of
- Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 7 Ecological and Dietary Re
- Page 109 and 110:
wide, straight lips of the hippo en
- Page 111 and 112:
unlikely that many were actually ea
- Page 113 and 114:
proportion of C3 to C4 vegetation i
- Page 115 and 116:
diet as interpreted from the stable
- Page 117 and 118:
had larger ranges than those elepha
- Page 119 and 120:
Tchamba and Seme (1993) likewise re
- Page 121 and 122:
fact adapted to the desert, and thi
- Page 123 and 124:
Table 2: δ 13 C values and % C4 fr
- Page 125 and 126:
Figure 35: Average δ 13 C values o
- Page 127 and 128:
Table 4: Percentage of C3 plants in
- Page 129 and 130:
Table 5: Isotope values for Ambosel
- Page 131 and 132:
Figure 39: “Carbon and nitrogen i
- Page 133 and 134:
Table 6 (continued) 120
- Page 135 and 136:
Figure 41: δ 13 C versus δ 15 N f
- Page 137 and 138:
Figure 43: δ 13 C versus δ 15 N f
- Page 139 and 140:
Figure 44: δ 13 C versus 87 Sr/ 86
- Page 141 and 142:
In conclusion, isotopic analysis ha
- Page 143 and 144:
(Ugarit/Ras Shamra). Only two studi
- Page 145 and 146:
fault and is filled with flood-basa
- Page 147 and 148:
Figure 49: Geologic and fault map o
- Page 149 and 150:
The Negev Desert in Southern Israel
- Page 151 and 152:
The Eastern Mediterranean and the N
- Page 153 and 154:
and water and sediment from the Nil
- Page 155 and 156:
Figure 55: Contour diagrams for the
- Page 157 and 158:
Figure 56: The Sr isotope ratios in
- Page 159 and 160:
Figure 58: Schematic diagram along
- Page 161 and 162:
strontium data from Betton and Cive
- Page 163 and 164:
These flood basalts have 87 Sr/ 86
- Page 165 and 166:
Figure 63: Map of the Libyan Desert
- Page 167 and 168:
Table 7: Isotopic data of high-grad
- Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 11 Analytical Procedures, S
- Page 171 and 172:
Table 9: Collagen samples for analy
- Page 173 and 174:
USF # Museum Catalog # Table 10: Ap
- Page 175 and 176:
Figure 66: KW 1182 (Hippopotamus tu
- Page 177 and 178:
Figure 70: KW 3842 (Elephant ivory)
- Page 179 and 180:
Chapter 12 Results and Discussion R
- Page 181 and 182:
d18O (apatite, per mil) 3 2 1 0 -1
- Page 183 and 184:
and hippopotami are grazers. To com
- Page 185 and 186:
fetched (with the Nile ≈ +2‰).
- Page 187 and 188:
opposed to the 2-3 mg required for
- Page 189 and 190:
international environment. The LBA
- Page 191 and 192:
ecause they were subject to taxatio
- Page 193 and 194:
were other ruling elites (Ratnagar
- Page 195 and 196:
scientific archaeometric angle and
- Page 197 and 198:
Chapter 13 Conclusion and Suggestio
- Page 199 and 200:
compare, the more unique the region
- Page 201 and 202:
Aufderheide, A.C., Neiman, F.D., Wi
- Page 203 and 204:
Caubet, A., and Poplin, F. 1993. La
- Page 205 and 206:
Finley, M.I. 1981. Mycenaean palace
- Page 207 and 208:
Horn, P., and Müller-Sohnius, D.,
- Page 209 and 210:
Liebowitz, H. 1987. Late Bronze II
- Page 211 and 212:
Price, T.D., Grupe, G., and Schröt
- Page 213 and 214:
Sherratt, A., and Sherratt, S. 1991
- Page 215 and 216:
van der Merwe, N. J., Lee-Thorp, J.