Tracing the Source of the Elephant And Hippopotamus Ivory from ...

List of Figures
Figure 1. Morphology of the elephant tusk 11
Figure 2. Structural characteristics of elephant ivory 11
Figure 3. The incisors and canines of the hippopotamus 16
Figure 4. Characteristics and morphology of the hippopotamus lower canine 17
Figure 5. Left tusk of the hippopotamus lower canine in transverse section
(above) and longitudinal section (below) 17
Figure 6. Hippopotamus incisor showing patterns of lamellae in transverse
section (left) and longitudinal section (right) 19
Figure 7. Current distribution of Hippopotamus amphibius 21
Figure 8. Distribution of Hippopotamus amphibius circa 1959 21
Figure 9. Rock engraving of a hippopotamus 23
Figure 10. Location of the Amuq Valley, Orontes River, and some major
sites where hippopotamus faunal remains and ivory have been
recovered 25
Figure 11. Location of Amuq Plain 27
Figure 12. Geophysical map of the Amuq Valley, looking northeast from the
Mediterranean coast 27
Figure 13. The distribution of Middle and Late Bronze Age sites in Amuq Valley 28
Figure 14. 18 th Dynasty Egyptian tomb relief from the reigns of Hatshepsut and
Tuthmosis III 30
Figure 15. The African elephant 32
Figure 16. Present distribution of the African and Asian elephant 34
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