State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

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Total no species (S) Species richness (d) 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 Site; LS Means Current effect: F(2, 22)=.52297, p=.59994 Effective hypothesis decomposition Vertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals Site; LS Means SB Current effect: F(2, 22)=1.0900, BB p=.35369 LL Effective hypothesis decomposition Vertical bars denote 0.95 Site confidence intervals SB BB LL Site Site; LS Means SB Current effect: F(2, 22)=3.5247, BB p=.04700 LL Effective hypothesis decomposition Site Vertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals SB BB LL State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 178 Eveness (J') 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Site; LS Means Current effect: F(2, 22)=6.6612, p=.00547 Effective hypothesis decomposition Vertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals Figure 8.14. Mean (± 0.95 confidence intervals) Species diversity (H'), Species richness (d'), Evenness (J') and Total number of species (S) for benthic macrofauna samples collected from Small Bay (SB), Big Bay (BB) and Langebaan Lagoon (LL), Saldanha, 2010. The diversity of benthic macrofauna recorded in 2010 in the lagoon appeared patchy, with moderate levels of diversity at most sites and low levels of diversity at sites LL39 and LL41. The W statistic was also lowest at sites LL39 and LL41 compared to other sites in the lagoon. The low diversity value is most likely a consequence of natural disturbance due to the fact that Langebaan Lagoon is very shallow and is subjected to strong currents and tidal activity. 8.4.3.2 Temporal Analysis Species Diversity (H’) within Small Bay, decreased significantly between 1999 and 2008 (p
Figure 8.15: Variation in the diversity of the benthic macrofauna in Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon as indicated by the 2010 survey results. (H’ = 1.5 indicates low diversity, H’ = 3.5 indicates high diversity) The average species diversity (H’) in Big Bay decreased between 2004 and 2009. The 2010 survey revealed that there had been a slight increase in the diversity of benthic macrofauna in Big Bay since 2009. The W statistic revealed that there had been an increase in the proportion of slow State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 179
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State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Anchor Environmen
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11 BIRDS 234 Anchor Environmental 1
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LIST OF FIGURES Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.27. O
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Anchor Environmental Figure 7.3. Ch
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Anchor Environmental Figure 9.10. C
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Anchor Environmental Figure 12.1. N
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Anchor Environmental samples were c
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental matter in the
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Anchor Environmental considered mos
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Anchor Environmental again in 2004,
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Anchor Environmental Populations of
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GLOSSARY Alien species An introduce
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1 INTRODUCTION Anchor Environmental
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2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Anchor E
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Anchor Environmental complicates ma
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Anchor Environmental observed deter
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Anchor Environmental 4 ACTIVITIES A
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Fish factories Small craft harbour
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Anchor Environmental Aerial photogr
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Anchor Environmental interferes wit
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.7. Nu
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o Decrease in oxygen concentrations
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Anchor Environmental Upgrades to th
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.9. A)
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Anchor Environmental (possibly link
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Anchor Environmental Prestedge Reti
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Anchor Environmental the constructi
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Number and types of vessels enterin
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Anchor Environmental is contained b
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Anchor Environmental include the be
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Saldanha Bay
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Anchor Environmental (1956) UNDER T
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Free ACtive Chlorine (mg/l) Amonia
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Faecal coliforms (org/100 ml) Chemi
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4.3.7 Storm water Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental sites (concent
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Anchor Environmental Discharges fro
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Anchor Environmental Table 4.9. Det
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5 WATER QUALITY Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Stander (1977)
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Anchor Environmental coast, result
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Anchor Environmental likely as a re
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Anchor Environmental Construction o
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Anchor Environmental Table 5.2. Per
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Counts per 100ml of sample Counts p
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Counts per 100ml of sample 10000 10
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5.6 Trace Metal Contaminants in the
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Lead(mg/kg) Mercury (mg/kg) Cadmium
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6 SEDIMENTS 6.1 Sediment particle s
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6.1.2 Sediment Particle size result
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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% POC 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 % PO
Page 127 and 128: Percentage Percentage 1.8 1.6 1.4 1
Page 129 and 130: o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Yacht Club B
Page 131 and 132: Figure 6.12. Variation in the conce
Page 133 and 134: The concentrations of metals in sed
Page 135 and 136: concentrations are 56 and 29 times
Page 137 and 138: threshold of 1.2 mg/kg established
Page 139 and 140: Cadmium (mg/kg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C
Page 141 and 142: Copper (mg/kg) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
Page 143 and 144: 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4
Page 145 and 146: In summary, elevated trace metal co
Page 147 and 148: 6.5 Summary of sediment health stat
Page 149 and 150: 7.1 Long term changes in seagrass i
Page 151 and 152: 7.2 Long term changes in Saltmarshe
Page 153 and 154: Figure 8.1. Benthic macrofauna samp
Page 155 and 156: Table 8.1. Depth at each of the sit
Page 157 and 158: these species usually provide the l
Page 159 and 160: (clustering of similar groups) (Meg
Page 161 and 162: The Big Bay samples BB 25 and BB29
Page 163 and 164: 2007/08 dredging. Other signs of th
Page 165 and 166: Wet mass per m² Wet mass per m² 4
Page 167 and 168: Big Bay Crustaceans and polychaetes
Page 169 and 170: Average number of individuals per m
Page 171 and 172: Number Individuals per m² Number I
Page 173 and 174: 8.4.2 Abundance Biomass Indices 8.4
Page 175 and 176: and percentage organic nitrogen (PO
Page 177: Table 8.5. W statistics at all stat
Page 181 and 182: percentage of mud compared to Lange
Page 183 and 184: Cu (mg/kg) Cd (mg/kg) Ni (mg/kg) Pb
Page 185 and 186: contaminants. Furthermore dredging
Page 187 and 188: areas even 5 months after the clear
Page 189 and 190: Brittle star ( Ophiuroidea spp) Sea
Page 191 and 192: 9.2 Approach and Methodology 9.2.1
Page 193 and 194: cover data for both mobile and sess
Page 195 and 196: 9.2.3 Data Analysis The similaritie
Page 197 and 198: 40%, co-occurring with sponges espe
Page 199 and 200: stands of the kelp Ecklonia maxima
Page 201 and 202: Plocamium spp. Ecklonia maxima Scut
Page 203 and 204: 20 40 A Group 1 B 60 Similarity C G
Page 205 and 206: Percentage Cover 80 70 60 50 40 30
Page 207 and 208: Evenness Shannon Wiener 0.9 0.8 0.7
Page 209 and 210: 2005 2008 2009 2010 Dive School Jet
Page 211 and 212: Table 9.5. Results from the SIMPER
Page 213 and 214: In general, the inter-annual differ
Page 215 and 216: The temporal distribution of M. gal
Page 217 and 218: Consistent with the previous years,
Page 219 and 220: Saldanha and Langebaan. Results fro
Page 221 and 222: The average abundance of the four m
Page 223 and 224: State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
Page 225 and 226: State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
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Anchor Environmental Figure 10.7. A
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Anchor Environmental Within Big Bay
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Anchor Environmental 2008 and 2009
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Anchor Environmental the islands, b
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Anchor Environmental at Saldanha ar
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their main prey species, sardines a
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Anchor Environmental 2009). The eff
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Anchor Environmental attributed to
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Number of breeding pairs 800 700 60
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11.3 Birds of Langebaan Lagoon 11.3
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Anchor Environmental Figure 11.11.
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Anchor Environmental for the gannet
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Taxon Anchor Environmental Occurren
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Taxon Anchor Environmental Occurren
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Anchor Environmental 13 MANAGEMENT
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Anchor Environmental their operatio
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Anchor Environmental concentrations
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Anchor Environmental changes that p
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Anchor Environmental and slight imp
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Birdlife International. 2010. URL w
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Anchor Environmental penguins Sphen
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Anchor Environmental Game, E.T., Gr
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Anchor Environmental Kerwath, S. E.
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Anchor Environmental Moldan, A. 197
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Anchor Environmental Robinson, T.B.
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Anchor Environmental Tunley KL, Att
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