State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

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Table 9.4. PERMANOVA pairwise-testing results following significant main-tests. Only the relevant pairwise comparisons for the years 2005 versus 2008, 2008 versus 2009, and 2009 versus 2010 per site are shown. Significant (p < 0.05) differences are highlighted in italic. Number of permutations are 462 for all pairwise comparisons. Percent similarity among the years tested are also provided. Groups Pseudo-F Significance Level % Similarity Dive School 2005 vs. 2008 2.504 0.0024 62.1 Dive School 2008 vs. 2009 2.920 0.0019 59.3 Dive School 2009 vs. 2010 1.595 0.0045 70.2 Jetty 2005 vs. 2008 2.813 0.002 54.1 Jetty 2008 vs. 2009 3.442 0.0025 47.7 Jetty 2009 vs. 2010 2.253 0.0051 59.5 Schaapen East 2005 vs. 2008 3.495 0.0021 52.9 Schaapen East 2008 vs. 2009 2.364 0.0015 64.5 Schaapen East 2009 vs. 2010 2.476 0.0022 58.4 Schaapen West 2005 vs. 2008 3.465 0.0027 48.0 Schaapen West 2008 vs. 2009 2.893 0.0027 55.8 Schaapen West 2009 vs. 2010 2.487 0.0018 66.9 Iron Ore Jetty 2005 vs. 2008 3.262 0.003 50.2 Iron Ore Jetty 2008 vs. 2009 2.798 0.0034 60.6 Iron Ore Jetty 2009 vs. 2010 3.141 0.0018 61.8 Lynch Point 2005 vs. 2008 2.402 0.0023 56.3 Lynch Point 2008 vs. 2009 2.683 0.0029 58.2 Lynch Point 2009 vs. 2010 2.609 0.0021 60.0 North Bay 2005 vs. 2008 1.935 0.0019 59.5 North Bay 2008 vs. 2009 1.801 0.0023 63.4 North Bay 2009 vs. 2010 1.722 0.0047 67.1 Marcus Island 2005 vs. 2008 3.559 0.0026 56.8 Marcus Island 2008 vs. 2009 2.568 0.0018 63.7 Marcus Island 2009 vs. 2010 2.867 0.0017 67.2 State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 210
Table 9.5. Results from the SIMPER analysis listing the species that contribute >5% to the dissimilarity among the years at each site. The % cover data are averages across the six replicates per site, and are on the fourth-root transformed scale. Site Species State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 211 2008 % cover 2009 % cover Contribution Dive School Nothogenia erinacea 0.32 0.66 5.11 Jetty Gigartina polycarpa 0.24 1.02 8.62 Porphyra capensis 0.82 0.11 8.21 Ulva spp. 0.41 1.03 7.41 Cymbula granatina 0.49 1.01 5.75 Schaapen East Blue-green algae 0 1.76 9.47 Schaapen West Blue-green algae 0 1.85 11.54 Iron Ore Jetty Amphibalanus amphitrite 0 1.24 7.59 Hildenbrandia lecanellierii 0 1.22 7.41 Centroceras clavulatum 1.10 0 6.77 Austromegabalanus cylindricus 0.96 0.11 5.25 Lynch Point Porphyra capensis 1.43 0.5 4.90* North Bay Mytilus galloprovincialis 1.15 1.78 4.06* Marcus Island Cladophora spp. 1.93 0.27 9.15 Blue-green algae 0 1.05 5.78 *Note that at these sites none of the species contributed >5% to the dissimilarity. The species with the highest contribution is thus listed. Figure 9.14 depicts the contributions of the various functional groups to the biotic community at the study sites over the four survey years. At the two sheltered boulder shores, filterfeeders had decreased over the years, whereas corticated algae and grazers had increased. At Schaapen East, filter-feeders have slightly increased with time. Ephemeral algae were highest in 2008, replacing encrusting algae, but this had reversed in 2010. At Schaapen West, there was a continuous increase in biotic cover, especially in the amount of encrusting algae but also in filterfeeders. Functional groups showed minor variations at Iron Ore Jetty and Lynch Point, whereas North Bay experienced an increase in filter-feeders with a concomitant decline in encrusting algae. At Marcus Island, ephemeral algae had greatly increased from 2005 to 2009 while at the same time corticated algae and filter-feeders declined. The substantial ephemeral cover resulted in an overall greater biotic cover in 2009. In 2010, however, ephemerals have reduced and corticated algae as well as filter-feeders are starting to return. %
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State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Anchor Environmen
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11 BIRDS 234 Anchor Environmental 1
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LIST OF FIGURES Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.27. O
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Anchor Environmental Figure 7.3. Ch
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Anchor Environmental Figure 9.10. C
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Anchor Environmental Figure 12.1. N
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Anchor Environmental samples were c
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental matter in the
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Anchor Environmental considered mos
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Anchor Environmental again in 2004,
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Anchor Environmental Populations of
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GLOSSARY Alien species An introduce
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1 INTRODUCTION Anchor Environmental
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2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Anchor E
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Anchor Environmental complicates ma
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Anchor Environmental observed deter
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Anchor Environmental 4 ACTIVITIES A
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Fish factories Small craft harbour
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Anchor Environmental Aerial photogr
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Anchor Environmental interferes wit
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.7. Nu
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o Decrease in oxygen concentrations
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Anchor Environmental Upgrades to th
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.9. A)
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Anchor Environmental (possibly link
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Anchor Environmental Prestedge Reti
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Anchor Environmental the constructi
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Number and types of vessels enterin
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Anchor Environmental is contained b
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Anchor Environmental include the be
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Saldanha Bay
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Anchor Environmental (1956) UNDER T
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Free ACtive Chlorine (mg/l) Amonia
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Faecal coliforms (org/100 ml) Chemi
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4.3.7 Storm water Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental sites (concent
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Anchor Environmental Discharges fro
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Anchor Environmental Table 4.9. Det
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5 WATER QUALITY Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Stander (1977)
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Anchor Environmental coast, result
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Anchor Environmental likely as a re
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Anchor Environmental Construction o
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Anchor Environmental Table 5.2. Per
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Counts per 100ml of sample Counts p
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Counts per 100ml of sample 10000 10
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5.6 Trace Metal Contaminants in the
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Lead(mg/kg) Mercury (mg/kg) Cadmium
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6 SEDIMENTS 6.1 Sediment particle s
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6.1.2 Sediment Particle size result
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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% POC 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 % PO
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Percentage Percentage 1.8 1.6 1.4 1
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Yacht Club B
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Figure 6.12. Variation in the conce
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The concentrations of metals in sed
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concentrations are 56 and 29 times
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threshold of 1.2 mg/kg established
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Cadmium (mg/kg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C
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Copper (mg/kg) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
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16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4
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In summary, elevated trace metal co
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6.5 Summary of sediment health stat
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7.1 Long term changes in seagrass i
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7.2 Long term changes in Saltmarshe
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Figure 8.1. Benthic macrofauna samp
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Table 8.1. Depth at each of the sit
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these species usually provide the l
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Page 161 and 162: The Big Bay samples BB 25 and BB29
Page 163 and 164: 2007/08 dredging. Other signs of th
Page 165 and 166: Wet mass per m² Wet mass per m² 4
Page 167 and 168: Big Bay Crustaceans and polychaetes
Page 169 and 170: Average number of individuals per m
Page 171 and 172: Number Individuals per m² Number I
Page 173 and 174: 8.4.2 Abundance Biomass Indices 8.4
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Page 177 and 178: Table 8.5. W statistics at all stat
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.15: Variation in the diver
Page 181 and 182: percentage of mud compared to Lange
Page 183 and 184: Cu (mg/kg) Cd (mg/kg) Ni (mg/kg) Pb
Page 185 and 186: contaminants. Furthermore dredging
Page 187 and 188: areas even 5 months after the clear
Page 189 and 190: Brittle star ( Ophiuroidea spp) Sea
Page 191 and 192: 9.2 Approach and Methodology 9.2.1
Page 193 and 194: cover data for both mobile and sess
Page 195 and 196: 9.2.3 Data Analysis The similaritie
Page 197 and 198: 40%, co-occurring with sponges espe
Page 199 and 200: stands of the kelp Ecklonia maxima
Page 201 and 202: Plocamium spp. Ecklonia maxima Scut
Page 203 and 204: 20 40 A Group 1 B 60 Similarity C G
Page 205 and 206: Percentage Cover 80 70 60 50 40 30
Page 207 and 208: Evenness Shannon Wiener 0.9 0.8 0.7
Page 209: 2005 2008 2009 2010 Dive School Jet
Page 213 and 214: In general, the inter-annual differ
Page 215 and 216: The temporal distribution of M. gal
Page 217 and 218: Consistent with the previous years,
Page 219 and 220: Saldanha and Langebaan. Results fro
Page 221 and 222: The average abundance of the four m
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Page 231 and 232: Anchor Environmental Within Big Bay
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Page 239 and 240: their main prey species, sardines a
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Page 247 and 248: 11.3 Birds of Langebaan Lagoon 11.3
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Page 253 and 254: Taxon Anchor Environmental Occurren
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Page 257 and 258: Anchor Environmental 13 MANAGEMENT
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Anchor Environmental concentrations
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Anchor Environmental changes that p
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Anchor Environmental and slight imp
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Birdlife International. 2010. URL w
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Anchor Environmental penguins Sphen
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Anchor Environmental Game, E.T., Gr
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Anchor Environmental Kerwath, S. E.
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Anchor Environmental Moldan, A. 197
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Anchor Environmental Robinson, T.B.
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Anchor Environmental Tunley KL, Att
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