State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Anchor Environmental
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
LIST OF FIGURES 9
LIST OF TABLES 18
GLOSSARY 31
1 INTRODUCTION 33
2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT 35
3 BACKGROUND TO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT 36
3.1 INTRODUCTION 36
3.2 MECHANISMS FOR MONITORING CONTAMINANTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT36
3.3 INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND STATUS IN SALDANHA BAY AND LANGEBAAN
LAGOON 38
4 ACTIVITIES AND DISCHARGES AFFECTING THE HEALTH OF THE BAY 41
4.1 INTRODUCTION 41
4.2 URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 42
4.3 DISCHARGES AND ACTIVITIES AFFECTING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 50
4.3.1 Dredging and port expansion 50
4.3.2 Development of the Salamander Bay Boat yard 53
4.3.3 Shoreline erosion in Saldanha Bay and Langebaan lagoon 54
4.3.4 Shipping, ballast water discharges, and oil spills 61
4.3.5 Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant 65
4.3.6 Sewage and associated waste waters 67
4.3.7 Storm water 77
4.3.8 Fish processing plants 79
4.3.9 Mariculture 81
4.3.10 Development of a Liquid Petroleum Gas Facility in Saldanha Bay 84
5 WATER QUALITY 85
5.1 WATER TEMPERATURE 85
5.2 SALINITY 87
5.3 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 88
5.4 CURRENTS AND WAVES 91
5.5 MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING 93
5.6 TRACE METAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE WATER COLUMN 107
5.7 SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY IN SALDANHA BAY AND LANGEBAAN LAGOON 112
State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 5