State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Anchor Environmental Hanekom, N. and Nel, P. 2002. Invasion of sandflats in Langebaan Lagoon, South Africa, by the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: size, composition and decline of the populations. African Zoology 37:197–208 Heck KL, Hays C and Orth RJ. 2003. A critical evaluation of the nursery role hypothesis for seagrass meadows. Marine Ecology Progress Series 253: 123-136. Hellawell, J.M. 1986. Biological indicators of freshwater pollution and environmental management. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London. Herbert R.J.H., Hawkins S.J. 2006. Effect of rock type on the recruitment and early mortality of the barnacle Chthamalus montagui. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 334:96- 108 Hir M.L., Hily C. 2005. Macrofaunal diversity and habitat structure in intertidal boulder fields. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:233-250 Hockey, P.A.R. 1983. Aspects of the breeding biology of the African Black Oystercatcher. Ostrich 54: 26-35. Hockey P.A.R., Dean W.R.J. and Ryan P.G., (Eds.) 2005. Roberts Birds of Southern Africa, 7th ed. Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town. 1,296 pp. Hockey, P.A.R. and Van Erkom Schurink, C. 1992. The invasive biology of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis on the southern African coast. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 48:123-139. Hughes J.E., Deegan l.A., Wyda J.C., Weaver M.J. and Wright A. 2002. The effect of eelgrass habitat loss on estuarine fish communities of Southern New England. Estuaries 25: 235-249. Hutchings, K. and Lamberth, S. J. 2002a. Bycatch in the gillnet and beach-seine fisheries in the Western Cape, South Africa, with implications for management. South African Journal of Marine Science 24: 227-241 Hutchings, K. and Lamberth, S. J. 2002b. Catch and effort estimates for the gillnet and beach-seine fisheries in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 24: 205- 225 Integrated Development Plan. 2006 – 2011. Saldanha Bay Municipality. http://www.saldanhabay.co.za/ International Wader Study Group, 2003. Waders are declining worldwide. Wader Study Group Bulletin 101 (102): 8–12. IUCN 2009. Marine Menace. Alien invasive species in the marine environment. http://wwwvlizbe/imisdocs/publications/153100pdf Jackson, L.F. and McGibbon, S. 1991. Human activities and factors affecting the distribution of macrobenthic fauna in Saldanha Bay. South African Journal of Aquatic Science 17 (1/2): 89- 102. Jarman, M.L. (Ed) 1986. Conservation priorities in lowland regions of the fynbos biome. South African national scientific Programme Report No 87. CSIR, Pretoria: 55 pp. Kalejta B. 1993. Diets of shorebirds at Berg River estuary, South Africa: spatial and temporal variation. Ostrich 64: 123-133. Kemper J., Underhill L.G., Crawford R.J.M. and Kirkman S.P. 2007. Revision of the conservation status of seabirds and seals breeding in the Benguela Ecosystem. In Kirkman S.P. (ed.). Final Report of the BCLME (Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem) pp. 325-342 State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 272
Anchor Environmental Kerwath, S. E., Thorstad, E. B., Naesje, T. F., Attwood, P. D. Cowley, C., Okland, F. And C. G., Wilke 2009. Crossing invisible boundaries: the effectiveness of the Langebaan lagoon marine protected area as a harvest refuge for a migratory fish species in South Africa. In press: Conservation Biology Kerwath, S.E., Thorstad, E.B., Naesje, T.F., Attwood, C.G., Wilke, C., Okland, F. and Cowley, P. D. 2008. Can a Marine Protected Area protect mobile fish? A South African case study. Oral presentation at the South African Marine Science Symposium29-June-3rd July 2008, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. Kostylev V.E., Erlandsson J., Ming M.Y., Williams G.A. 2005. The relative importance of habitat complexity and surface area in assessing biodiversity: Fractal application on rocky shores. Ecological Complexity 2:272-286. Kruger, N. 2002. Long term changes in the benthic macrofauna of Saldanha Bay. MSc Thesis. University of Cape Town. 1-96pp. Kruger, N., Branch, G.M., Griffiths, C.L. and Field, J.G. 2005. Changes in the epibenthos of Saldanha Bay, South Africa, between the 1960s and 2001: an analysis based on dredge samples. African Journal of Marine Science 27 (2): 471-477. Laird, M. and Griffiths, C. 2008. Present distribution and abundance of the introduced barnacle Balanus glandula Darwin in South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 30(1): in press. Laugksch, R.C. and Adams, N.J. 1993. Trends in pelagic fish populations of the Saldanha Bay region, Southern Benguela upwelling system, 1980-1990: A predator’s perspective. South African Journal of Marine Science 13: 295-307. Le Roux, J. 2002. Avian Demography Unit, Dept of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town. http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/species/sp324_00.htm Lewis S., Grémillet D., Daunt F., Ryan P.G., Crawford R.J.M. and Wanless S. 2006. Using behavioural variables to identify proximate causes of population change in a seabird. Oecologia 147:606– 614 Londoño-Cruz E, Tokeshi M. 2007. Testing scale variance in species-area and abundance-area relationships in a local assemblage: an example from a subtropical boulder shore. Popul Ecol 49:275-285 Long E.R., MacDonald D.D., Smith S.L. and Calder F.D. 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Management 19: 81-97. Lowenthal D., Hockey P.A.R. and Haupt P. (in prep). African Black Oystercatcher Haematopus moquini 25 years on: Causes of population recovery. Ludynia K., Roux J-P, Jones R., Kemper J. and Underhill L.G. 2010. Surviving off junk: low-energy prey dominates the diet of African penguins Spheniscus demersus at Mercury Island, Namibia, between 1996 and 2009. African Journal of Marine Science 32: 563–572 Luger, S., Van Ballegooyen, R. and Monteiro. 1999 . A Modelling-driven environmental baseline assessment for the proposed New Hood Point outfall in East London: Hydrodynamic and water quality modelling study. CSIR Report ENV-S-C 99109B. CSIR Environmentek, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Makhado A.B., Crawford R.J.M. and Underhill L.G. 2006. Impact of predation by Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus on Cape Gannets Morus capensis at Malgas Island, Western Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 28: 681–687 State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 273
Page 1:
State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Anchor Environmen
Page 7 and 8:
11 BIRDS 234 Anchor Environmental 1
Page 9 and 10:
LIST OF FIGURES Anchor Environmenta
Page 11 and 12:
Anchor Environmental Figure 4.27. O
Page 13 and 14:
Anchor Environmental Figure 7.3. Ch
Page 15 and 16:
Anchor Environmental Figure 9.10. C
Page 17 and 18:
Anchor Environmental Figure 12.1. N
Page 19 and 20:
Anchor Environmental samples were c
Page 21 and 22:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Anchor Environmen
Page 23 and 24:
Anchor Environmental matter in the
Page 25 and 26:
Anchor Environmental considered mos
Page 27 and 28:
Anchor Environmental again in 2004,
Page 29 and 30:
Anchor Environmental Populations of
Page 31 and 32:
GLOSSARY Alien species An introduce
Page 33 and 34:
1 INTRODUCTION Anchor Environmental
Page 35 and 36:
2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Anchor E
Page 37 and 38:
Anchor Environmental complicates ma
Page 39 and 40:
Anchor Environmental observed deter
Page 41 and 42:
Anchor Environmental 4 ACTIVITIES A
Page 43 and 44:
Fish factories Small craft harbour
Page 45 and 46:
Anchor Environmental Aerial photogr
Page 47 and 48:
Anchor Environmental interferes wit
Page 49 and 50:
Anchor Environmental Figure 4.7. Nu
Page 51 and 52:
o Decrease in oxygen concentrations
Page 53 and 54:
Anchor Environmental Upgrades to th
Page 55 and 56:
Anchor Environmental Figure 4.9. A)
Page 57 and 58:
Anchor Environmental (possibly link
Page 59 and 60:
Anchor Environmental Prestedge Reti
Page 61 and 62:
Anchor Environmental the constructi
Page 63 and 64:
Number and types of vessels enterin
Page 65 and 66:
Anchor Environmental is contained b
Page 67 and 68:
Anchor Environmental include the be
Page 69 and 70:
o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Saldanha Bay
Page 71 and 72:
Anchor Environmental (1956) UNDER T
Page 73 and 74:
Free ACtive Chlorine (mg/l) Amonia
Page 75 and 76:
Faecal coliforms (org/100 ml) Chemi
Page 77 and 78:
4.3.7 Storm water Anchor Environmen
Page 79 and 80:
Anchor Environmental sites (concent
Page 81 and 82:
Anchor Environmental Discharges fro
Page 83 and 84:
Anchor Environmental Table 4.9. Det
Page 85 and 86:
5 WATER QUALITY Anchor Environmenta
Page 87 and 88:
Anchor Environmental Stander (1977)
Page 89 and 90:
Anchor Environmental coast, result
Page 91 and 92:
Anchor Environmental likely as a re
Page 93 and 94:
Anchor Environmental Construction o
Page 95 and 96:
Anchor Environmental Table 5.2. Per
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Counts per 100ml of sample Counts p
Page 105 and 106:
Counts per 100ml of sample 10000 10
Page 107 and 108:
5.6 Trace Metal Contaminants in the
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Lead(mg/kg) Mercury (mg/kg) Cadmium
Page 113 and 114:
6 SEDIMENTS 6.1 Sediment particle s
Page 115 and 116:
6.1.2 Sediment Particle size result
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
% POC 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 % PO
Page 127 and 128:
Percentage Percentage 1.8 1.6 1.4 1
Page 129 and 130:
o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Yacht Club B
Page 131 and 132:
Figure 6.12. Variation in the conce
Page 133 and 134:
The concentrations of metals in sed
Page 135 and 136:
concentrations are 56 and 29 times
Page 137 and 138:
threshold of 1.2 mg/kg established
Page 139 and 140:
Cadmium (mg/kg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C
Page 141 and 142:
Copper (mg/kg) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
Page 143 and 144:
16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4
Page 145 and 146:
In summary, elevated trace metal co
Page 147 and 148:
6.5 Summary of sediment health stat
Page 149 and 150:
7.1 Long term changes in seagrass i
Page 151 and 152:
7.2 Long term changes in Saltmarshe
Page 153 and 154:
Figure 8.1. Benthic macrofauna samp
Page 155 and 156:
Table 8.1. Depth at each of the sit
Page 157 and 158:
these species usually provide the l
Page 159 and 160:
(clustering of similar groups) (Meg
Page 161 and 162:
The Big Bay samples BB 25 and BB29
Page 163 and 164:
2007/08 dredging. Other signs of th
Page 165 and 166:
Wet mass per m² Wet mass per m² 4
Page 167 and 168:
Big Bay Crustaceans and polychaetes
Page 169 and 170:
Average number of individuals per m
Page 171 and 172:
Number Individuals per m² Number I
Page 173 and 174:
8.4.2 Abundance Biomass Indices 8.4
Page 175 and 176:
and percentage organic nitrogen (PO
Page 177 and 178:
Table 8.5. W statistics at all stat
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 8.15: Variation in the diver
Page 181 and 182:
percentage of mud compared to Lange
Page 183 and 184:
Cu (mg/kg) Cd (mg/kg) Ni (mg/kg) Pb
Page 185 and 186:
contaminants. Furthermore dredging
Page 187 and 188:
areas even 5 months after the clear
Page 189 and 190:
Brittle star ( Ophiuroidea spp) Sea
Page 191 and 192:
9.2 Approach and Methodology 9.2.1
Page 193 and 194:
cover data for both mobile and sess
Page 195 and 196:
9.2.3 Data Analysis The similaritie
Page 197 and 198:
40%, co-occurring with sponges espe
Page 199 and 200:
stands of the kelp Ecklonia maxima
Page 201 and 202:
Plocamium spp. Ecklonia maxima Scut
Page 203 and 204:
20 40 A Group 1 B 60 Similarity C G
Page 205 and 206:
Percentage Cover 80 70 60 50 40 30
Page 207 and 208:
Evenness Shannon Wiener 0.9 0.8 0.7
Page 209 and 210:
2005 2008 2009 2010 Dive School Jet
Page 211 and 212:
Table 9.5. Results from the SIMPER
Page 213 and 214:
In general, the inter-annual differ
Page 215 and 216:
The temporal distribution of M. gal
Page 217 and 218:
Consistent with the previous years,
Page 219 and 220:
Saldanha and Langebaan. Results fro
Page 221 and 222: The average abundance of the four m
Page 223 and 224: State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
Page 225 and 226: State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
Page 227 and 228: Anchor Environmental Figure 10.5. A
Page 229 and 230: Anchor Environmental Figure 10.7. A
Page 231 and 232: Anchor Environmental Within Big Bay
Page 233 and 234: Anchor Environmental 2008 and 2009
Page 235 and 236: Anchor Environmental the islands, b
Page 237 and 238: Anchor Environmental at Saldanha ar
Page 239 and 240: their main prey species, sardines a
Page 241 and 242: Anchor Environmental 2009). The eff
Page 243 and 244: Anchor Environmental attributed to
Page 245 and 246: Number of breeding pairs 800 700 60
Page 247 and 248: 11.3 Birds of Langebaan Lagoon 11.3
Page 249 and 250: Anchor Environmental Figure 11.11.
Page 251 and 252: Anchor Environmental for the gannet
Page 253 and 254: Taxon Anchor Environmental Occurren
Page 255 and 256: Taxon Anchor Environmental Occurren
Page 257 and 258: Anchor Environmental 13 MANAGEMENT
Page 259 and 260: Anchor Environmental their operatio
Page 261 and 262: Anchor Environmental concentrations
Page 263 and 264: Anchor Environmental changes that p
Page 265 and 266: Anchor Environmental and slight imp
Page 267 and 268: Birdlife International. 2010. URL w
Page 269 and 270: Anchor Environmental penguins Sphen
Page 271: Anchor Environmental Game, E.T., Gr
Page 275 and 276: Anchor Environmental Moldan, A. 197
Page 277 and 278: Anchor Environmental Robinson, T.B.
Page 279 and 280: Anchor Environmental Tunley KL, Att
show all

State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?