State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

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Anchor Environmental Simon-Blecher, N., Granevitze, Z., Achituv, Y. 2008. Balanus glandula: from North-West America to the west coast of South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 30(1):85-92 Simons, R.H. 1977. The algal flora of Saldanha Bay. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 42: 461-482. Sousa, W. P. 1979. Disturbance in marine intertidal boulder fields: the non-equilibrium maintenance of species diversity. Ecology 60:1225-1239. Sousa W.P. 1985. Disturbance and patch dynamics on rocky intertidal shores. In: Pickett STA, White PS (eds) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Academic Press, New York, p 101-124 SRK Consulting 2009. Saldanha Air Quality Permit Basic Assessment: Air Quality Specialist Baseline Study and Impact Assessment. SRK Project Number 399449. Steffani, C. N. and Branch, G. M. 2003a. Spatial comparisons of populations of an indigenous limpet Scutellastra argenvillei and the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis along a gradient of wave energy. African Journal of marine Science 25:195-212. Steffani, C. N. and Branch, G. M. 2003b. Temporal changes in an interaction between an indigenous limpet Scutellastra argenvillei and an alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: effects of wave exposure. African Journal of marine Science 25:213-229. Stenton-Dozey, J. M. E., Jackson, L. F. and Busby, A. J. 1999. Impact of mussel culture on macrobenthic community structure in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39: 357-366. Stenton-Dozey, J., Probyn, T. and Busby, A. 2001. Impact of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) raftculture on benthic macrofauna, in situ oxygen uptake and nutrient fluxes in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 1021-1031. Stroud D.A., Baker A., Blanco D.E., Davidson N.C., Delany S., Ganter B., Gill R., González P., Haanstra L., Morrison R.I.G., Piersma T., Scott D.A., Thorup O., West R., Wilson J. and Zöckler C., 2006. The conservation and population status of the world’s waders at the turn of millennium. Waterbirds around the world. In: Boere G.C., Galbraith C.A., Stroud D.A. (Eds.). The Stationery Office. Edinburgh, UK, pp. 643–648. Summers J.K., Wade T.L., Engle V.W., and Malaeb Z.A. 1996. Normalization of metal concentrations in estuarine sediments from the Gulf of Mexico. Estuaries 19, 581-594. Summers, R.W. 1977. Distribution, abundance and energy relationships of waders (Aves: Charadrii) at Langebaan Lagoon. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 42 (3&4): 483 - 495. Summers, R.W., Cooper, J. and Pringle, J.S. 1977. Distribution and numbers of coastal waders (Charadrii) in the South-western Cape, South Africa, Summer 1975-76. Ostrich 48: 85-97. Summers, R.W. and Kalejta-Summers, B. 1996. Seasonal use of sandflats and saltmarshes by waders at low and high tide at Langebaan Lagoon, South Africa. Ostrich 67:72-79. Takada, Y. 1999. Influence of shade and number of boulder layers on mobile organisms on a warm temperate boulder shore. Marine Ecology Progress Series 189:171-179 Taljaard, S. and Monteiro, P.M.S. 2002. Saldanha Bay Marine Water Quality Management Plan. Phase I: Situation Assessment. Report to the Saldanha Bay Water Quality Forum Trust. CSIR Report ENV-S-C Transnet National Ports Authority 2009. http://www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net/NPA_ports_saldana_overview.html (Accessed March 2009). State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 278
Anchor Environmental Tunley KL, Attwood, CG, Moloney, CL and L Fairhurst 2009 – Variation in population structure and life history parameters of steentjies Spondyliosoma emarginatum: effects of exploitation and biogeography. African Journal of Marine Science 31: 133-143. Turpie, J.K. 1995. Prioritizing South African estuaries for conservation: a practical example using waterbirds. Biological Conservation 74: 175-185. Turpie, J.K. and Love, V.C. 2000. Avifauna and human disturbance on and around Thesen Island, Knysna estuary: implications for the island's marina development and management plan. Report to Chris Mulder & Associates. Underhill, L.G. 1987. Waders (Charadrii) and other waterbirds at Langebaan Lagoon, South Africa, 1975-1986. Ostrich 58(4): 145-155. Unit for Marine Studies 2000. South Africa’s maritime industries. Published by M.E.R.I.T. van Erkom Schurink C., Griffiths C.L. 1991. A comparison of reproductive cycles and reproductive output in four southern African mussel species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 76:123-134 van Erkom Schurink C., Griffiths C.L. 1993. Factors affecting relative rates of growth in four South African mussel species. Aquaculture 109:257-273 Viljoen, R., Silomntu, M., Reuther, S. and S. Jones (2010). Transnet Port Terminal - Bulk Terminal Saldanha: Draft Environmental Management Programme for Air Quality Permit Amendment Application. Visser, D, Goes, M & P Rosewarne 2007. Environmental Impact Assessment: Port Of Saldanha Proposed Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination Plant Groundwater Resources Impact Assessment.SRK Consulting Report. Warwick, R.M. 1993. Environmental impact studies on marine communities: Pragmatical considerations. Australian Journal of Ecology 18: 63-80. Watling, R.J. 1981. Manual of methods for use in the South African Marine Pollution Monitoring Programme, South African National Scientific Programmes, Report no. 44. Waycott M., Duarte C.M., Carruthers T.J.B., Orth R.J., Dennison W.C., Olyarnik S., Calladine A., Fourqurean J.W., Heck K.L., Hughes A.R., Kendrick G.A., Kenworthy W.J., Short F.T. and Williams S.L. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. PNAS 106: 12377-12381 Weeks, S. J., Monteiro, P. M. S., Nelson, G. and Cooper, R. M. 1991a. A note on wind-driven replacement flow of the bottom layer in Saldanha Bay, South Africa: implications for pollution. South African Journal of Marine Science 11: 579-583. Weeks, S.J., Boyd, A.J., Monteiro, P.M.S. and Brundrit, G.B.. 1991b. The currents and circulation in Saldanha Bay after 1975 deduced from historical measurements of drogues. South African Journal of marine Science 11: 525-535. Wenchuan, Qu., Dickman, M. and Sumin, W. 2001. Multivariate analysis of heavy metals and nutrient concentrations in sediments of Taihu Lake, China. Hydrobiologia 450: 83-89. Whitfield, A. K. 1998. Biology and ecology of fishes in Southern African estuaries. Ichthyological Monographs of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 2: 233pp. Whitfield A.K., Beckley L.E., Bennett B.A. Branch, G.M. Kok, H.M. Potter, I.C. and van der Elst R.P. 1989. Composition, species richness and similarity of ichthyofaunas in eelgrass Zostera capensis beds of southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 8: 251–259. State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 279
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State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Anchor Environmen
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11 BIRDS 234 Anchor Environmental 1
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LIST OF FIGURES Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.27. O
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Anchor Environmental Figure 7.3. Ch
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Anchor Environmental Figure 9.10. C
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Anchor Environmental Figure 12.1. N
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Anchor Environmental samples were c
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental matter in the
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Anchor Environmental considered mos
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Anchor Environmental again in 2004,
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Anchor Environmental Populations of
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GLOSSARY Alien species An introduce
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1 INTRODUCTION Anchor Environmental
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2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Anchor E
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Anchor Environmental complicates ma
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Anchor Environmental observed deter
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Anchor Environmental 4 ACTIVITIES A
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Fish factories Small craft harbour
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Anchor Environmental Aerial photogr
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Anchor Environmental interferes wit
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.7. Nu
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o Decrease in oxygen concentrations
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Anchor Environmental Upgrades to th
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.9. A)
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Anchor Environmental (possibly link
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Anchor Environmental Prestedge Reti
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Anchor Environmental the constructi
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Number and types of vessels enterin
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Anchor Environmental is contained b
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Anchor Environmental include the be
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Saldanha Bay
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Anchor Environmental (1956) UNDER T
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Free ACtive Chlorine (mg/l) Amonia
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Faecal coliforms (org/100 ml) Chemi
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4.3.7 Storm water Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental sites (concent
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Anchor Environmental Discharges fro
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Anchor Environmental Table 4.9. Det
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5 WATER QUALITY Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Stander (1977)
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Anchor Environmental coast, result
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Anchor Environmental likely as a re
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Anchor Environmental Construction o
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Anchor Environmental Table 5.2. Per
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Counts per 100ml of sample Counts p
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Counts per 100ml of sample 10000 10
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5.6 Trace Metal Contaminants in the
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Lead(mg/kg) Mercury (mg/kg) Cadmium
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6 SEDIMENTS 6.1 Sediment particle s
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6.1.2 Sediment Particle size result
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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% POC 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 % PO
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Percentage Percentage 1.8 1.6 1.4 1
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Yacht Club B
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Figure 6.12. Variation in the conce
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The concentrations of metals in sed
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concentrations are 56 and 29 times
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threshold of 1.2 mg/kg established
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Cadmium (mg/kg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C
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Copper (mg/kg) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
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16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4
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In summary, elevated trace metal co
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6.5 Summary of sediment health stat
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7.1 Long term changes in seagrass i
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7.2 Long term changes in Saltmarshe
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Figure 8.1. Benthic macrofauna samp
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Table 8.1. Depth at each of the sit
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these species usually provide the l
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(clustering of similar groups) (Meg
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The Big Bay samples BB 25 and BB29
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2007/08 dredging. Other signs of th
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Wet mass per m² Wet mass per m² 4
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Big Bay Crustaceans and polychaetes
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Average number of individuals per m
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Number Individuals per m² Number I
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8.4.2 Abundance Biomass Indices 8.4
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and percentage organic nitrogen (PO
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Table 8.5. W statistics at all stat
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Figure 8.15: Variation in the diver
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percentage of mud compared to Lange
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Cu (mg/kg) Cd (mg/kg) Ni (mg/kg) Pb
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contaminants. Furthermore dredging
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areas even 5 months after the clear
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Brittle star ( Ophiuroidea spp) Sea
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9.2 Approach and Methodology 9.2.1
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cover data for both mobile and sess
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9.2.3 Data Analysis The similaritie
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40%, co-occurring with sponges espe
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stands of the kelp Ecklonia maxima
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Plocamium spp. Ecklonia maxima Scut
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20 40 A Group 1 B 60 Similarity C G
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Percentage Cover 80 70 60 50 40 30
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Evenness Shannon Wiener 0.9 0.8 0.7
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2005 2008 2009 2010 Dive School Jet
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Table 9.5. Results from the SIMPER
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In general, the inter-annual differ
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The temporal distribution of M. gal
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Consistent with the previous years,
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Saldanha and Langebaan. Results fro
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The average abundance of the four m
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Page 227 and 228: Anchor Environmental Figure 10.5. A
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