State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

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Taxon Gastropoda Anchor Environmental Occurrence in Saldanha Bay Origin Vector Littorina saxatilis Confirmed Europe BS Catriona columbiana Likely North Pacific SF/BW Tritonia nilsodhneri Likely Europe SF/BW Kaloplocamus ramosus Likely Unknown SF/BW Thecacera pennigera Likely Unknown SF/BW Anteaeolidiella indica Confirmed Unknown SF/BW Bivalvia Mytilus galloprovincialis Confirmed Europe SF/BW Ostrea edulis Confirmed Europe m Teredo navalis Likely Europe SB Lyrodus pedicellatus Likely Unknown SB Bankia carinata Likely Unknown SB Bankia martensi Likely Unknown SB Dicyathifer manni Likely Unknown SB Teredo somersi Likely Unknown SB BRACHIOPODA Discinisca tenuis Confirmed Namibia M BRYOZOA Watersipora subtorquata Confirmed Caribbean SF Bugula neritina Confirmed Unknown SF Bugula flabellata Confirmed Unknown SF Conopeum seurati Confirmed Europe SF Cryptosula pallasiana Confirmed Europe SF CHORDATA Ascidiacea Ascidia sydneiensis Likely Pacific Ocean SF Ascidiella aspersa Likely Europe SF Botryllus schlosseri Confirmed Unknown SF Ciona intestinalis Confirmed Unknown SF Clavelina lepadiformis Confirmed Europe SF Cnemidocarpa humilis Likely Unknown SF Corella eumyota Confirmed Unknown SF Diplosoma listerianum Confirmed Europe SF Microcosmus squamiger Likely Australia SF Tridemnun cerebriforme Confirmed Unknown SF RHODOPHYTA Schimmelmannia elegans Likely Tristan da Cunha BW Antithamnionella ternifolia Likely Australia SF/BW Antithamnionella spirographidis Confirmed North Pacific SF/BW CHLOROPHYTA Codium fragile fragile (tomentosoides strain) Confirmed Japan SF/BW VASCULAR PLANTS Ammophila arenaria Confirmed Europe I State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 254
Taxon Anchor Environmental Occurrence in Saldanha Bay Origin Vector Spartina maritima Confirmed Europe BS 12.1 The occurrence and spread of the Western pea crab Pinnixa occidentalis in Saldanha Bay The Western Pea crab Pinnixa occidentalis was originally described from California by M. J. Rathbun in 1893, but is presently reported to occur along the whole west coast of North America from Alaska to Mexico (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2011). The depth range distribution for this species is reported to range from 11-319 m. This species was recently (in the latter part of 2010) identified in the collections from the Saldanha Bay: State of the Bay surveys (Clark et al. 2011), previously being listed as unidentified owing to it not having been previously reported from South Africa waters. Sampling for the State of the Bay surveys entails the collection of three replicate sediment samples from 20-25 sites in Salnaha Bay and Langebaan using a diveroperated suction sampler, which sampled an area of 0.08 m 2 to a depth of 30. It appears to be an alien species that established itself in the Bay in the period between 1999 (at which time no specimens were recorded in a comprehensive set of samples from the Bay) and 2004 when it was recorded at four of the 30 sampling sites in the Bay. Subsequent to it becoming established in the Bay, both the abundance and range occupied by this species expanded fairly rapidly (increasing from 4 sites and 10.1 individuals m -2 ) to a maximum of 8 sites and 37.2 individuals m -2 in 2009 and 2010, respectively (Figure 12.1). The initial distribution (2004) took the form of a narrow swathe extending right across Saldanha Bay from Hoedjiesbaai to the Lagoon entrance, which filled out a little in 2008, and then extended through into the upper reaches of Langebaan lagoon in 2009 (Figure 12.1). The distribution in 2010 was similar to that in 2008 and 2009 but did not include any sites in the lagoon which suggests that the habitat here may not be entirely suited to the species which favours deeper water (>10 m) in its native area (Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2011). No. sites Abundance (no. ind. m -2 ) 10 8 6 4 2 0 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2004 2008 2009 2010 1999 2004 2008 2009 2010 Figure 12.1 No of sites (top) at which the Western Pea crab Pinnixa occidentalis has been recorded in Saldanha Bay and Langebaan lagoon in the period 2004 and top number of individuals collected from these sites (bottom). State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay and Langebaan Lagoon 255
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State of the Bay 2010: Saldanha Bay
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Anchor Environmen
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11 BIRDS 234 Anchor Environmental 1
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LIST OF FIGURES Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.27. O
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Anchor Environmental Figure 7.3. Ch
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Anchor Environmental Figure 9.10. C
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Anchor Environmental Figure 12.1. N
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Anchor Environmental samples were c
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental matter in the
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Anchor Environmental considered mos
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Anchor Environmental again in 2004,
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Anchor Environmental Populations of
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GLOSSARY Alien species An introduce
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1 INTRODUCTION Anchor Environmental
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2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT Anchor E
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Anchor Environmental complicates ma
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Anchor Environmental observed deter
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Anchor Environmental 4 ACTIVITIES A
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Fish factories Small craft harbour
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Anchor Environmental Aerial photogr
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Anchor Environmental interferes wit
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.7. Nu
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o Decrease in oxygen concentrations
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Anchor Environmental Upgrades to th
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Anchor Environmental Figure 4.9. A)
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Anchor Environmental (possibly link
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Anchor Environmental Prestedge Reti
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Anchor Environmental the constructi
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Number and types of vessels enterin
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Anchor Environmental is contained b
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Anchor Environmental include the be
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Saldanha Bay
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Anchor Environmental (1956) UNDER T
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Free ACtive Chlorine (mg/l) Amonia
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Faecal coliforms (org/100 ml) Chemi
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4.3.7 Storm water Anchor Environmen
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Anchor Environmental sites (concent
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Anchor Environmental Discharges fro
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Anchor Environmental Table 4.9. Det
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5 WATER QUALITY Anchor Environmenta
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Anchor Environmental Stander (1977)
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Anchor Environmental coast, result
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Anchor Environmental likely as a re
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Anchor Environmental Construction o
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Anchor Environmental Table 5.2. Per
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Counts per 100ml of sample Counts p
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Counts per 100ml of sample 10000 10
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5.6 Trace Metal Contaminants in the
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Lead(mg/kg) Mercury (mg/kg) Cadmium
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6 SEDIMENTS 6.1 Sediment particle s
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6.1.2 Sediment Particle size result
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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% POC 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 % PO
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Percentage Percentage 1.8 1.6 1.4 1
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o 33 3’S o 33 10’S Yacht Club B
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Figure 6.12. Variation in the conce
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The concentrations of metals in sed
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concentrations are 56 and 29 times
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threshold of 1.2 mg/kg established
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Cadmium (mg/kg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C
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Copper (mg/kg) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
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16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4
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In summary, elevated trace metal co
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6.5 Summary of sediment health stat
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7.1 Long term changes in seagrass i
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7.2 Long term changes in Saltmarshe
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Figure 8.1. Benthic macrofauna samp
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Table 8.1. Depth at each of the sit
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these species usually provide the l
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(clustering of similar groups) (Meg
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The Big Bay samples BB 25 and BB29
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2007/08 dredging. Other signs of th
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Wet mass per m² Wet mass per m² 4
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Big Bay Crustaceans and polychaetes
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Average number of individuals per m
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Number Individuals per m² Number I
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8.4.2 Abundance Biomass Indices 8.4
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and percentage organic nitrogen (PO
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Table 8.5. W statistics at all stat
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Figure 8.15: Variation in the diver
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percentage of mud compared to Lange
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Cu (mg/kg) Cd (mg/kg) Ni (mg/kg) Pb
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contaminants. Furthermore dredging
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areas even 5 months after the clear
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Brittle star ( Ophiuroidea spp) Sea
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9.2 Approach and Methodology 9.2.1
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cover data for both mobile and sess
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9.2.3 Data Analysis The similaritie
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40%, co-occurring with sponges espe
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stands of the kelp Ecklonia maxima
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Plocamium spp. Ecklonia maxima Scut
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Page 205 and 206: Percentage Cover 80 70 60 50 40 30
Page 207 and 208: Evenness Shannon Wiener 0.9 0.8 0.7
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State of the Bay Report 2010-Final - Anchor Environmental

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