The annals of Tacitus

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xviii TACITUS, ANNALS IV IV. GERMANICUS AND HIS FAMILY For an adequate understanding of Book iv of the Annals it is necessary to know something of Germanicus and his family. The early days of the reign of Tiberius were disturbed by mutinies in the armies of the Rhine and Danube. On the Rhine there was a further danger, viz. the wonderful influence of Germanicus with his soldiers, who had given him that familiar title, his only name in history. Germanicus Caesar, governor of Gaul and commander of the eight legions on the German frontier, was marked out as the successor of Tiberius, his uncle and adoptive father ; and 'the troops of Lower Germany conceived the design of hastening his reign '.' But Germanicus himself had no ambitious hopes of empire. Accordingly he took the oath of allegiance to Tiberius, and distracted his troops from thoughts of mutiny by a famous series of German campaigns, 14-16 a.d. The third and last campaign of Germanicus was planned on a great scale. He placed his troops (jn board a fleet of 1000 vessels and sailed through the Fossa Drusiana (the canal of his father Drusus), and the Zuyder Zee to the Ocean, landing his forces at the mouth of the Ems. The Germans could no longer resist effectually ; and Germanicus only wanted another year for the complete subjugation of the whole country from the Rhine to the Elbe. But the Emperor, maintaining the 2>olicy of Augustus that the Roman rule could not be extended to that river, recalled Germanicus to Rome. In May, 17 a.d., he celebrated a splendid triumph over the conquered Germans. He was then sent to the East with a far-reaching command including all the provinces beyond the Hellespont. 1 Bury, I. c, p. 167.
INTRODUCTION xix He arranged the long-sbinding difficult}' of the throne of Armenia, and converted the client-kingdoms of Cappadocia and Commagene into Roman provinces. Then came a great tragedy. Germanicus died at Antioch, the victim, it was said, of foul play on the part of his rival Piso, governor of Syria. He stands out as a charming popular hero,—' one of the short-lived loves of the Roman i)C()[)le.' The death of his son Drusus in 23 a.d. was a very grievous blow to Tiberius. Nothing was left but to adopt the two eldest sons of German- icus, Nero and Drusus. But his widow Agrippina was not satisfied even with this proceeding, which marked out these two princes as successors of Tiberius. It is interesting to observe what vigorous language Tacitus habitually employs in writing of the family of Germanicus e.g. iv 12 domum Germanici reuirescere occidti laetahantur and in the same chapter, pudicitia Agrippinae inpenetrahili and again, ut superbam fecujiditate, subnixam popularibua studiis inhiare dominationi apud Caesarem arguerent. Com- pare also iv 15, referring to Nero, recenti memoria Germanici ilium uspici, ilium audiri rehantur ; also iv 17, 18, 19; and 52 Agrippina semper atrox. Compare 53 peruicax irae, and the rest of the chapter. The turning-point in the history comes when Sejanus proposes to marry the younger Livia (Livilla). Foiled in this by Tiberius, he makes up his mind to destroy the house of Germanicus. ; :
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Page 6 and 7: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CL
Page 8 and 9: (iranitriligE PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY,
Page 10 and 11: Introduction CONTENTS I. Life and w
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AB EXCESSV AVGVSTI IV. 55-57 41 nrb
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AB EXCESSV AVGVSTI IV. 57-60 43 est
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Chapters 62—67: Events of 27 A.D.
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AB EXCESSV AVCrVRTI IV. 62—67 47
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Chapters 68—75 : Events of 28 A.D
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AB EXCESSV AVGVSTI IV. 08—71 51 r
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AB BXCESSV AVGVSTI IV. 71—74 53 a
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NOTES ABBREVIATIONS 'i^. = Nipperde
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ON CHAPTERS 1, 2 57 19. summa apisc
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ON CHAPTERS 2—4 59 construction c
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ON CHAPTERS 4, 5 61 and Virg. Georg
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ON CHAPTERS 5, 6 63 5. apud patres
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ON CHAPTERS 6-8 65 13. precandam...
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ON CHAPTERS 8—11 67 9. eo audacia
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ON CHAPTERS 11, 12 69 7. inultam in
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ON CHAPTERS 12—14 71 bavin}:! hel
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ON CHAPTERS U, 15 73 0. Rbodii sece
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ON CHAPTERS 15, 16 75 snlpmn—r.n^
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8. turn uero, ' now ON CHAPTERS 16
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ON CHAPTERS 18, 19 79 detrimenti ca
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ON CHAPTERS 19—21 81 11. pleraquc
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ON CHAPTERS 21—23 83 interdicto i
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ON CHAPTERS 23—25 85 8. primo sui
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ON CHAPTERS 25—27 87 triremes, fr
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ON CHAPTERS 28, 29 89 4. senectutis
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ON CHAPTERS 29—31 91 14. custodes
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ON CHAPTERS 31—33 93 14. magnarum
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ON CHAPTERS 33, 34 95 34 2. postula
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ON CHAPTERS 34—36 97 aduertit, fo
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' 4. ON CHAPTERS 36—38 99 ualidU3
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// IHIIH ON CHAPTERS 38-40 101 17.
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ON CHAPTERS 40, 41 103 34. quanto u
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ON CHAPTERS 42, 43 105 from the pla
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ON CHAPTERS 43—46 107 15. Beposui
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ON CHAPTERS 46—48 109 10. in loco
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ON CHAPTERS 48—50 111 which were
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14. montis anfractu, ' ON CHAPTERS
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ON CHAPTERS 52—54 115 53 I. penii
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ON CHAPTERS 54—56 117 times for t
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1. medlt3t.n, passive. (I stooping
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ON CHAPTERS 57—60 121 castra quib
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ON CHAPTERS 60—62 123 orationis,
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ON CHAPTERS 62—65 125 9. ignotos.
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ON CHAPTERS 66, 67 127 which lies i
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ON CHAPTERS 67—70 129 II. auonam
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ON CHAPTERS 70, 71 131 71 1. ni des
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ON CHAPTERS 72, 73 133 revolt the F
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ON CHAPTERS 73, 74 135 scuta pro cl
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APPENDIX ON SELECT VARIOUS READINGS
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ON SELECT VARIOUS READINGS 139 ' du
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ON SELECT VARIOUS READINGS 141 Med.
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ON SELECT VARIOUS READINGS 143 once
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Actium, 5 Aegium, 13 Aesculapius, 1
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aestimo, 39 aestuaria, 73 agger, 73
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nurus, 12 ob rem iudicandam, 31 obr
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Casks : Dative (cont.) : Person con
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