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UTB-CBIRD Report: “At The Crossroads” Economic Development 99 Although Cameron County does not hold a high LQ in Industrial Supplies, the growing importance of this industry to the local economy should be considered. Shift-share analysis indicates that this cluster is a challenge due to its rapid local growth but sluggish national growth. Industrial Supplies provides inputs into several heavy manufacturing industries. With the overall decline in national manufacturing employment from 1995 to 2000, it is not surprising that this cluster remains nearly stagnant. Cameron County, however, is again uniquely positioned to take advantage of its location and low operating costs to provide value-added input to the maquiladora plants in Matamoros. The Electronics cluster, the tech-related manufacturing cluster with the greatest concentration in Cameron County, increased employment by only 4.4% from 1995 though 2000, adding approximately 175 jobs. And regional electronics growth lagged the nation’s overall growth rate. Current economic realities indicate that this cluster is no longer the vehicle for growth that it once was. Although not in decline, Electronics is not likely to be the substantial driver of regional economic development that it once was for rapidly growing high tech areas in the U.S. Matamoros Manufacturing Clusters Table 5.5 provides an overview of Matamoros’ manufacturing base relative to the US economy by cluster as of 1999, the most recent year for which reliable data are available. Of the 92,743 jobs in Matamoros in 1999, 59,340 were in manufacturing related clusters as compared to the approximate 12,700 in Cameron County, Table 5.5. [The reader, however, should keep in mind that these figures only reflect Matamoros’ formal, recorded economy.] Industrial Machinery and Electronics are Matamoros’ largest manufacturing clusters. The LQs for both these industries are over 22, signifying that if Matamoros were part of the US, it would have 22 times as many employees in Industrial Machinery and Electronics manufacturing than would be expected. Other manufacturing clusters in Matamoros with elevated LQs include Textiles & Apparels, Consumer Goods, Chemicals & Plastics, and Transportation Equipment. Table 5. 5. Matamoros Manufacturing Clusters, U.S. Industry Base, 1999 Cluster Name Jobs LQ Shift-Share Industrial Machinery 12,463 22.15 Challenge Electronics 16,816 22.09 Challenge Textiles & Apparels 9,219 8.43 Challenge Consumer Goods 4,654 4.61 Challenge Chemicals & Plastics 6,738 4.20 Challenge Transportation Equipment 4,523 3.39 Limitation Food Products 2,989 1.98 Challenge Industrial Supplies 1,544 0.89 Challenge Materials 384 0.17 Challenge Telecom Equipment 0 0 NA Computers % Peripherals 0 0 NA Semiconductors 0 0 NA TOTAL MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT 59,340 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT 92,743 Source: UT-Brownsville One Region – One Future
UTB-CBIRD Report: “At The Crossroads” Economic Development 100 Figure 5.9 pictures the economic performance of Matamoros’ manufacturing clusters relative to the US economy from 1994 to 1999. Only one Matamorosbased cluster, Transportation Equipment, is lagging in overall growth. All clusters, however, are lagging growth when compared to the overall US economy, especially Industrial Machinery, Textiles & Apparels, and Electronics, which are Matamoros’ largest manufacturing clusters. Shift-Share Figure 5. 9. Matamoros for Manufacturing Shift-Share Clusters, for Manufacturing 1994-1999 Clusters ’94-‘99 Matamoros (Against U.S. (US Employment employment Base) base) CHALLENGE (+) ASSET National Trends (-) Industrial Machinery Electronics Textiles & Apparels Transportation Equipment Chemicals & Plastics Food Products LIMITATION (-) PROSPECT Source: Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and Texas Labor Market Information Local Trends Consumer Goods Materials Industrial Supplies Table 5.6 shows that the Auto Parts and Electronic & Electric industries comprise the largest maquila operations. Mexico-US border maquiladoras are currently suffering from considerable international competition – primarily from Asia and, in particular, China. Thousands of jobs were lost from Mexico-US maquiladora operations in 2002, especially in the low-end manufacturing of textiles and component parts, where labor costs directly impact production costs. The border region is finding it extremely difficult to compete with China’s low wages - $3.00/hour in Matamoros as compared with $1.50/day in China -- and other maquiladora attracting polices. As of 2002 it is estimated that 77% of high labor intensive Maquiladoras have moved to China. A “Matamoros-Based Light Manufacturing Focus Group” was held at UTB/TSC, Cameron County in Summer 2002 to discuss the future of Mexico’s maquiladoras. The conclusions were as follows: ⇒ Low-value assembly type maquiladoras (e.g., textiles) need to move to the southern part of Mexico, or deeper into Latin America, for lower labor costs to be responsive to competition from China. ⇒ Maquiladoras located in the border need to upgrade their operations from assembly to higher value-added manufacturing and they need to be more 1 “Workers Hang On By a Thread” in Austin American Statesman, January 12, 2003, p. J1-J6 (+) Una Region -- Un Futuro The recent loss of a large number of lowwage manufacturing jobs in Mexico to Chinese competitors has a message for the developing world; relying on cheap labor will not ensure economic growth. In 2001 more than a quarter million jobs left Mexico and 70% of these moved to China. Eduardo Moncada “Made in China: Educational Lessons for Mexico” Houston Chronicle November 17, 2002 4,500 apparel jobs have disappeared from Piedras Negras in the past three years, and wages have dropped from $4.00/hour to 80¢/hour… Julia Quinonez, Head Border Committee of Women Workers “Workers Hang On By a Thread” Austin American Statesman January 12, 2003, p. J1-J6.
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CAMERON COUNTY/MATAMOROS AT THE CRO
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For George and Ronya Kozmetsky Dedi
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There is no choice in whether this
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University of Texas at Brownsville;
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SECTION 4. EDUCATION & TRAINING INT
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SECTION 6. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDA
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Tables 3. 1. Respondents' Professio
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SECTION 6 Figures 6. 1. Border Secu
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Cross-Border Patient Needs: Develop
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UTB/TSC Student Profile Wage Compar
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UTB-CBIRD Report: “At the Crossro
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⇒ EDUCATION & TRAINING INTRODUCTI
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UTB-CBIRD Report: “At The Crossro
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX B. SURVEY INSTRUMENT Pleas
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QUESTION 3: Please circle your best
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APPENDIX C. CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHOD
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APPENDIX D. SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS Sh
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APPENDIX E. TRANSPORTATION INFRASTR
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Table E.3 indicates that while sout
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volumes. The Port of San Diego also
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The Port of Brownsville has over 33
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cargo operation and continued devel
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⇒ Top Five User Requirements 1. I
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Duca, John V. and Mine K. Yucel.
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Rylander, Carol Keeton. Texas Regio
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PROJECT PARTNERS
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UTB-CBIRD The Cross Border Institut
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IC² Institute, The University of T
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