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UTB-CBIRD Report: “At The Crossroads” Economic Development 105 Cameron County wage and salary employment trends for the 1990s indicate that its overall employment increased at a compounded annual rate of 3.4%, making it the 28 th fastest growing metropolitan area in the nation. During the early part of the last decade, Cameron County enjoyed rapid employment growth thanks to the area’s booming manufacturing sector. In 1978, Cameron County’s manufacturing sector provided employment opportunities to nearly 20% of area workers in private sector firms; however, by 2000, that share had fallen to just over 11%. After having generated nearly 2,000 manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1994, Cameron County shed over 1,000 manufacturing jobs by 2000, Figure 5.10. During this latter part of the decade, the local manufacturing sector posted job losses in all years, except 2000. The majority of those losses appear to have been a result of heavy employment decreases in Textiles & Apparel, as both local and national production has shifted to more inexpensive international labor markets. In short, Cameron County, like the state and nation, will become less dependent on a strong manufacturing sector for employment. Mexico: At the Crossroads Between 1991 and 2000, employment in Mexican maquiladora plants increased at a compounded annual growth rate of 12%, during which time employment grew from approximately 470,000 to 1.3 million, Figure 5.11. Since the end of 2000, however, maquiladora employment has decreased by approximately 10%. Maquiladora plants located in Matamoros have not remained immune to these losses. From the end of 2000 to the end of 2001, employment in local plants fell 15%, a loss of 9,000 jobs. Figure 5.11. Mequiladora Employment: Mexico and Matamoros Mexican Maquiladora Employment (000s) 1991 to 2000 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 Source: CNIME Grow th Rate Employment While recent employment declines at maquiladora plants can be partially attributable to the recession in the US economy, increased competition from developing nations is a contributing factor. Of particular note is China’s emergence as an industrial power and its role in the loss of competitive advantage once held by Mexican maquiladoras. Chinese labor costs are estimated to be only 10-15% of those in Mexico. In addition, China is providing extraordinary incentives to attract foreign investment and companies located in China do not confront strong labor union and social unrest, making the labor force a more reliable production input. In short, China is undergoing a transition 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Matamoros Maquiladora Employment 2000 & 2001 60,000 58,000 56,000 54,000 52,000 50,000 48,000 46,000 44,000 '00-1 '00-2 '00-3 '00-4 '01-1 '01-2 '01-3 '01-4 Source: CNIME One Region -- One Future
UTB-CBIRD Report: “At The Crossroads” Economic Development 106 from a primarily agrarian economy to becoming one the principle worldwide competitors in labor-intensive industries. Summary Cameron County manufacturing sector as a whole and Matamoros maquiladoras in particular, can no longer compete in the global economy solely on the basis of inexpensive labor. If current trends continue, the Lower Rio Grande Valley region will continue to see increasing competition for emerging industrial powers, especially those in Southeast Asia and China. As a result, the Cameron County- Matamoros region needs to devise a cluster-based strategy built on cross-border cooperation targeting higher-value added niche industry clusters and components. Without adequate numbers of highly skilled labor, the region will stagnate and fall further behind in its ability to create wealth and higher value jobs and to employ and retain its young workforce. The Cameron County/Matamoros border region is at a crossroads, and despite the best efforts of the region, the coming years will include a painful transition with further job losses in labor-intensive industries such as Textiles & Apparels. In addition to the following discussions centered on (1) Transportation Services and Logisitics & Distribution, (2) Health Services & Life Sciences following are brief snapshots of niche manufacturing industries that possess the potential to ease that transition. Construction Machinery & Equipment ⇒ A component of the Construction cluster, Construction Machinery & Equipment includes establishments engaged in manufacturing heavy machinery and equipment of a type used primarily by the construction industries, such as bulldozers, concrete mixers, cranes, conveyors and conveying equipment, and hoists. ⇒ Both nationally and locally, this component cluster is growing at a rapid rate. From 1995 to 2000, Construction Machinery & Equipment added 15,000 jobs, producing a 10% growth rate, fueled by the nation’s booming real estate sector. Although locally employment in this component cluster remains limited, employing fewer than 100 workers, rapid population growth throughout the Lower Rio Grande Valley and northern Mexico is expected to drive demand for all components in Construction. In addition, local wages in Construction Machinery & Equipment are 66% higher than the average private wage in the county. Metal Works & Stampings ⇒ A component of the Industrial Supplies cluster, Metal Works & Stampings includes establishments engaged in manufacturing die-castings of aluminum (including alloys), nonferrous die-castings, fabricated plate work, sheet metalwork, iron and steel forgings, metal stampings, and electroplating. ⇒ While this component cluster employed only 160 workers in Cameron County in 2000, it is part of the much larger Industrial Supplies cluster. Products manufactured in this component cluster supply parts to other heavy manufacturing industries. Wages in Metal Works & Stampings exceed Cameron County’s average private wage by nearly 70%. Tools & Machine Parts ⇒ A component of the Industrial Supplies cluster, Tools & Machine Parts includes establishments engaged in the manufacture of special dies and tools, cutting tools, machine tools, pumps and pumping equipment, Una Region -- Un Futuro Cameron County- Matamoros region needs to devise an economnic development strategy built on cross-border cooperation targeting higher-value added industry clusters and components. We need to invest in our universities and technical schools on both sides of the border, and these institutions need to be better linked to the regional manufacturing clusters. We need policy that stimulates the knowledge base and innovation. We have to work to increase quality and make our engineers more technical. It is more than producing products. We need research and ideas linked to industry needs. Rolando Gonzalez- Barron, President Consejo Nacional de Maquiladoras de Exportacion de Mexico (CNM) President, GOBAR SYSTEMS 2002
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CAMERON COUNTY/MATAMOROS AT THE CRO
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For George and Ronya Kozmetsky Dedi
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There is no choice in whether this
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University of Texas at Brownsville;
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SECTION 4. EDUCATION & TRAINING INT
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SECTION 6. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDA
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Tables 3. 1. Respondents' Professio
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SECTION 6 Figures 6. 1. Border Secu
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Cross-Border Patient Needs: Develop
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UTB/TSC Student Profile Wage Compar
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UTB-CBIRD Report: “At the Crossro
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⇒ EDUCATION & TRAINING INTRODUCTI
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UTB-CBIRD Report: “At The Crossro
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Percentage UTB-CBIRD Report: “At
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX B. SURVEY INSTRUMENT Pleas
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QUESTION 3: Please circle your best
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APPENDIX C. CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHOD
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APPENDIX D. SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS Sh
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APPENDIX E. TRANSPORTATION INFRASTR
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Table E.3 indicates that while sout
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volumes. The Port of San Diego also
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The Port of Brownsville has over 33
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cargo operation and continued devel
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⇒ Top Five User Requirements 1. I
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Duca, John V. and Mine K. Yucel.
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Rylander, Carol Keeton. Texas Regio
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PROJECT PARTNERS
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UTB-CBIRD The Cross Border Institut
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IC² Institute, The University of T
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