10 Draft Integrated Waste Management Plan - City Council - City of ...

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2012 Davis Integrated Waste Management Plan The problem with this option is that the recycling center at DWR is open 24/7. If e-waste is only accepted during certain hours, there will undoubtedly be an illegal dumping issue with people dropping off e-waste during odd hours. There are security cameras installed at the recycling center, but this may not be enough to deter people from illegal dumping. Illegal dumping will mean that DWR may have other items, refrigerators for example, and other items that are not accepted as e-wastes. DWR will have to haul those items to the landfill, increasing their operations cost. Also, since DWR cannot certify that any CED dropped off came from Davis, they cannot receive payment for those e-waste items. 10.2.3 Expand Pharmaceutical Disposal Options Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a diverse group of chemicals including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, nutritional supplements, fragrances, cosmetics, and sunscreen agents. PPCPs can be introduced into the environment through many routes: Treated and untreated sewage Leaching from landfills Disposal of expired and unused PPCPs in the toilet Animal manure Industrial manufacturing waste streams Steroids, prescription and nonprescription drugs and other PPCPs have been detected in water samples collected from streams considered susceptible to contamination from various wastewater sources, for instance those downstream from intense urbanization or livestock. Potential risk to aquatic organisms due to exposure to PPCPs in the environment has been identified as a primary concern given that aquatic organisms may be continually exposed to chemicals, including multi-generational exposures. There is also concern for subtle effects on ecological receptors when exposed to low concentrations. For humans, consumption of potable water which may contain trace concentrations (in the part per trillion to part per billion) of various PPCPs has been identified as one of the primary potential routes of exposure. To date, much research has focused on the potential for pathogen resistance to antibiotics and endocrine distribution by natural and synthetic sex steroids. At this time, many unknowns remain regarding the potential for adverse effects on ecological receptors and humans from exposure to PPCPs in the environment. As new information becomes available, this will facilitate more detailed evaluations of the potential toxicological significance of the detection of PPCPs in the environment. DRAFT Most pharmaceuticals are accepted for free at the YCCL during HHW events. Federal law prohibits anyone except law enforcement from accepting controlled substances, since law enforcement agents are not staffing the YCCL HHW events, pharmaceuticals that contain morphine, Vicodin, codeine and other controlled substances are not accepted. At the YCCL, pharmaceuticals get manifested as toxic/poisonous solids, so there is no data on exactly how much is collected. In 2010, a total of 41,333 pounds of toxic/poisonous solids were collected from Yolo County residents during HHW events. It is estimated that less than 0.005% of those materials are pharmaceuticals, which equates 207 pounds collected in 2010. As of August 2011, the YCCL reported an increase in the amount collected and estimated that approximately 500-750 pounds will be collected by the year’s end. Page | 10-92
2012 Davis Integrated Waste Management Plan The City of Woodland Environmental Services Division offered pharmaceutical collection events in 2010 and 2011. Woodland’s wastewater treatment plant and the pretreatment program both sponsored the event with funds from their budgets. The Woodland Police Department sponsored the event by providing an officer to be onsite, in uniform and on duty. A local pharmacy also lent their assistance as two pharmacists volunteered their time during the event. A hazardous waste disposal company, Veolia Environmental Services was hired to collect and dispose of all the pharmaceuticals from the event. The four hour events were held at the front parking lot of the Municipal Corporation Yard at 655 N. Pioneer Avenue. See the figure below for event statistics. TABLE 10-4 CITY OF WOODLAND PHARMACEUTICAL TAKE-BACK EVENTS Year Number of Attendees Non-Controlled Pharmaceuticals Collected Controlled Pharmaceuticals Collected Pharmaceutical Disposal Cost 2010 80 198 lbs. 18 lbs. $1257 2011 70 194 lbs. 12 lbs. $1090 Davis could potentially use Woodland’s model and partner with the Police Department, the pre-treatment program and a local pharmacy to host a similar event. One challenge with offering these events is that it makes it seem as though this is the only disposal option for pharmaceuticals. Thus far, the City has referred people to the YCCL HHW days for pharmaceutical disposal. Since residents already pay for this program through the landfill tipping fees, the City has not sought to offer anything further as a program exists that already has funding. The City has recently been approached by the California Product Stewardship Council (CPSC) about another option. The CPSC is applying for grant funding to establish a pharmaceutical take-back program in Yolo County. If they receive the grant, Davis recycling program staff will work with them and other interested parties to select potential sites (hospitals, pharmacies, law enforcement offices, etc.). The gaol is to have the take-back program be self-sustaining, so that once the grant funding is gone, the sites themselves will pay for the disposal of the pharmaceuticals. DRAFT Other options: Purchase and distribute mail-in envelopes that are pre-addressed to a company licensed to accept and dispose of non-controlled pharmaceuticals. These bags can cost around $3 each. Increase the amount of outreach on the current pharmaceutical disposal options (YCCL HHW drop-off days). 10.2.4 Expand Sharps Disposal Options In 2008, the State of California banned sharps from landfills because they pose a threat to solid waste workers and the general public. Sharps are defined as hypodermic needles, pen needles, intravenous needles, lancets, and other devices that are used to penetrate the skin for the delivery of medications. An estimated 400 million sharps are disposed of in California each year. A growing number of individuals treat medical conditions like migraines, infertility, arthritis, and blood disorders with injection medications. Many California cities and counties have struggled to develop a plan to handle sharps amid budget cuts and personnel shortages. Many solid waste workers sort through materials by hand. The presence of needle devices Page | 10-93
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