10 Draft Integrated Waste Management Plan - City Council - City of ...

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2012 Davis Integrated Waste Management Plan be addressed, as it is difficult to pinpoint who is contaminating a shared bin. Frequent outreach and monitoring of the food scrap collection bins may be required. Outreach for this program may need to include site visits by City staff to help train employees on separating out all organics from the waste stream. Potential problems with this billing method may arise, due to the requirements of Prop 218 and the fact that all customers may not have access to food scrap collection: businesses without space for an additional cart or bin for organics or multi-family communities with repeatedly high contamination rates. Another potential problem with rolling the cost of commercial food scrap collection into commercial garbage rate is the potential for the commercial rates to increase dramatically. There is a fundamental difference between food scrap collection service and recycling service: DWR can sell the recyclables and receive revenue. The revenue from the recycling subsidizes the cost of the collection of recyclables. This is not what happens with food scraps. DWR pays a fee per ton of food scraps and other compostables that they deliver to the Zamora Composting facility—the same as if they were disposing of garbage at the landfill. They cannot sell it and receive any revenue from compostables. This would not make much of a difference in a residential collection system—food scraps would likely make up such a small portion of the overall organic material collected that the increase in tonnage would be minor. It may only a dollar difference for a single-family customer. However, with commercial organics, the scale is significantly larger; a single household produces a very small amount of food scraps compared to a restaurant. Food scraps are generally very wet, and therefore very heavy. Since compost facilities charge by the ton, the tipping fee increase from adding the tons of food scraps generated by restaurants, grocery stores, schools and hospitals would be a significant increase in cost. Further study may be required, but initial findings indicate a large increase in commercial garbage rates would be required to cover the increased compost facility tipping fees. Another consideration for commercial collection would be the level and frequency of collection and the size of the container used. In the pilot, several businesses expressed concern that the twice a week pick-up was not sufficient for their business, given the lack of space they had for storage of a limited number of food scrap collection carts. Instead of a 65 gallon cart for food scrap collection, maybe alternate size bins would be possible and/or more frequent pick-ups. Levels of service and space constraints go hand-in-hand. Many businesses, particularly those in the downtown area, have a very limited space for refuse. Many have dumpsters that are emptied daily or nearly every day. For these businesses to participate in the pilot, collection would have to be more frequent than once a week as they do not have ample space for the number of carts needed to hold several days’ worth of food scraps. DRAFT If the City wishes to collect food scraps from all commercial customers, this is the recommended sequence of events: 1. Determine the level of service to be provided. 2. Develop and implement a new rate structure—implement a 5-year rate structure. 3. Order bins—DWR cannot instantaneously begin this program. DWR needs a 12 month lead time to order bins and trucks. 4. Update City Municipal Code to include new collection information and rules. 5. Amend contract with DWR to include new collection services. 6. Outreach. 7. Implementation: a. Containerize yard materials and implement residential food scrap program b. Containerize yard materials and implement commercial food scrap program c. Reduce street sweeping—may either be done at the same time as the above or slightly after. Page | 4-16
2012 Davis Integrated Waste Management Plan 4.3 8. Continued outreach and enforcement. Composting Facilities There are two composting facilities near Davis; Northern Recycling Compost – Zamora, and Jepson Prairie Organics (owned and operated by Recology) in Vacaville. UCD is constructing a anaerobic digester that should be operational in early 2013. Northern Recycling Compost – Zamora is permitted for 300 tons of yard material per day and permitted for a pilot program of 75 tons of yard materials and food scraps (mixed) per day. This facility uses aerated static piles for composting. The compost from this facility is certified by Organics Material Review Institute (OMRI) as an approved compost amendment on certified organic soils. This facility is in the process of becoming permitted to expand its operations to accept 700 tons a day of mixed food waste and yard materials and to operate a biomass gasification unit. Below is a table showing the distance from each of the compost site options. Distance and driving time were taken from Google Maps estimates, based on a starting address of 23 Russell Blvd. (City Hall). TABLE 4-5 DISTANCE FROM VARIOUS COMPOSTING OPTIONS Compost Facility Distance Driving Time UC Davis Anaerobic Digester 4.5 miles 11 minutes Yolo County Central Landfill 6.3 miles 15 minutes City of Davis Wastewater Treatment Plant 6.6 miles 17 minutes Jepson Prairie Organics/Recology 19.6 miles 28 minutes Northern Recycling Compost -- Zamora 22.5 miles 28 minutes Jepson Prairie Organics is permitted to accept 750 tons per day of mixed yard materials and food scraps. It is currently accepting food scraps from the Bay area and yard materials from Dixon, Vacaville and Vallejo, which are all ground and composted in aerated static piles. Jepson Prairie Organics is also certified by OMRI. Currently all of the yard materials collected by DWR are brought to Northern Recycling Compost – Zamora. Food scraps collected as part of the commercial food scrap collection pilot program are also sent to the Zamora facility for composting. 4.3.1 Alternative Compost Facilities DRAFT The City will be completing a compost solution feasibility study in 2013-2014 to determine the best long-term composting option for the City’s organic waste. The cost of implementing residential and city-wide commercial food scrap collection service is unknown at this time. In order to determine the costs, the City must know the location that the food scraps will be taken to. At present, the food scraps collected through the commercial pilot program are being sent to the Zamora compost facility—the same location the rest of the City’s yard materials is sent. This is one of a number of reasons why the City is interested in securing a long-term option for composting. The composting option selected would determine the rate changes associated with food scrap collection. Page | 4-17
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