Sanctioning Apartheid - KORA

The Impact of Neut Sanctions against South AftiEJl 125
crude oil a year. The absence of legal provisions to enforce the
oil embargo in some countries, weaknases of enforcement
practices, and the fact that South Mca is able to pwcbe oil
"on the high seasw am three areas that need addressing. Japan
and Hong Kong have no ban on the expork of crude oil to South
Africa, while West Germany opetates only a voluntary ban And
of the Arab oil producers" reports indicate that Iran has been
supplying South Africa with a proportion of its impart require-
ments.
Fidw Trade Issues: Combating Sanctions Ewdm and
widening fhe Net
There is no doubt that Swth mca is concerned about the
impact of tmde reslcrctiom, as can be seen from the Mtutional
decisions it has taken recently to respond to the widening of such
sanctions. Not only has if attempted to stimulate trade with
third counaies, nost ndly those in Asia, but it has established
qdal departments for "unconventional" trade in dBerent
ministries with the purpose of assisting in the evasion of
sanctions. In addition it has extended even W e . the list of
pdu& which are not individually recorded in its OW trade
staiistics; since Septearber 1987, detailed trade statistics covering
over 50% of its &anal trade are no longer published.
A number of more important feature need to be highlighted.
First, major successes have been achieved in diverting
exports prhdarly to Taiwan and South Korea, neither of whom
publishes detailed trade &&tics by country of origin Total
South Mcan-Taiwan trade has risen from $235 d o n in 1985
to $546 million in 1986 and to $911 million In 1987, accounting in
1987 for 2.6% of total South African bade. Announcements made
by Taiwanese officia?s suggest that plans are in train bo expand
total trade Mid to reach $3 billion by 1990P Met&, steel,
minerals and food and agricultural produets top Taiwan's
imports. There is thus lsttle doubt that Taiwan, and foreign
investors located the, are ben&hg indirectly from the US
South African trade ban. It is dear, Zoo, that hel, at least in the
past, has been a major channel of .trade for products bannd by
other countries, euch as and steel products. Howw-