Sanctioning Apartheid - KORA

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246 <strong>Sanctioning</strong> <strong>Apartheid</strong> and many minerals are retraded among the user countries, mdking their origins dBdt to trace. Several countries that import these ~~ refuse to identify their sourceI which is very likely to be South Mca. In addition, the herds are divided into various subunits according to such factors as the grade of ore and their processing into femodoys. However, data from various reliable so-the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the Japan Tariff Assmiation, and the European Community-have been utilized to c011~tnzct tables 1-4. Analysis and Discussion The four tables together demonstrate that Japan is more reliant upon South Africa's exports than either the European Community countries or the United States. However, reEiance does not mean dependence, as the following analysis will demonstrate. Table 1 indicates that Western countries have a high reliance upon South Africa's i%omium exports. Within the European economic community, Eritain in a ajor importer of Scuth African chromium. However, Britain has a large stockpile of strategic minerals, and it kas been reported that the U.K is disposing of some of these minerals, including chromimB South Africa accounted for one-third of the world's chromik production in 19868 data for the world's fermehromium production are unavailable. However, vast duamium m e s exist in other ccruntries, particularly in Zimbabwe, Brazil, India, Turkey, and Albania In 1986 these four countries praducd 3,330,000 short tons of chmnite, which would be equivalent to eighty-eight percent d South Africa's produckions of 3840,000 short tons*'0 A cutoff of South Afrilran inports would be a &xnulw for the development of domestic chromite resources and comfmction of femxhmmim p d g capacity. A m t US. Bureau of Mines study found that the National Deferw: Stuckpile was adequate to meet US. demand until new supply saurces could be developed, should total disruption of chromium from the Republic of South Africa and Zimbabwe raccur." The vast majority of chromium is used for decorative
South Afn'm's Sfrategic M i d Erports 247 purpows, phady on autornobik If this practice were dismnhued, then the need for chromium would be substanfiaUy emhished Table I 1986 Chromium Imports by Cornby lmpmting Counhy Chrumiurn: Fmm Impmts frrmr Solrth and ~uta~ ~mpmfs A . United States' Chrornite (Short Tons, st.) 4 (secret countris) mAl5 Amount P m t Chromium 379,867 56.7% behic tons, at) @%= Notea a. Buneau d Mines, Ptcprint Jmm fhe 1986 B u m of Minar: Minmrls Ymkuk, Climium, 1m Waslhgbn, B.C, Superintendent of DoYments. b. J a p Tariff Assodatian, lap Erporfs & Imports, cimmalifv by Coutrtry, 86.121987: Toyh. c Em- StaLW Office, AnaIyw Tabk 4 Forcigrt Tdk MMEXF., Imp&, Prod& by Gnmhk, 1986, 1987.
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SANCTIONING APARTHEID Edited by Rob
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Introduction Robert Edgar CONTENTS
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South Afrimn Sanctions Breaking in
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a1 Center for Dedopment Poli~y; Lut
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2 Directing the Export-Import Bank
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sources are identified or tapped. A
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South Africa's credit rating and it
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system and Conpzsional dissatisfact
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Works, Ways and M-, Interior, and E
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12 Sanctioning Apartheid The diffic
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through Swadmd and take advantage o
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Despite the mounting evidence that
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IMFLEMENTATION OF THE A m- APARTHEI
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Implementah of the Anfi-Apartheid A
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Implementation of the Anti-Aparthei
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Implementatiotl of the Anti-AprfM R
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Implementation ~f the Anti-Aparthei
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Emplementation of the Anti-Aparthei
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Implemenkrtion of the Anti-Aparthei
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ntpiementation of the Anti-Aparthei
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Implementation of the Anti-Aphid Ac
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Imp&- I m p l m h of the An ti-Apar
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Implmtafion of the Anti-AprChejd Ac
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hqlmfatibn of fhe AnfrLAphid Act of
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Imphtafion of the Anki-A+ Ad of 198
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Implan~1Wh of the Anti-Apartheid Ac
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1- of the Anti-ApaW Ad of 1986 4. L
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Implmfrxliotr of fhe Anti-Apartheid
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ImplmtnU of the Anti-Apmiheid Act o
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THE SOUTH AFRICA-ISKAEL ALLIANCE, 1
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The South Af&~-heI Anh8 1986-1988 5
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The South Afrr'ci-Israel Alliance,
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coIlaboration. The total Israeli co
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The South Aftrca-Israel Alliance, 1
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SANCTIONS, DISINVESTMENT, AND US CO
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S m h , Disimtment, and US Corpmnti
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S a m J Disirmestmmt, and US Corpor
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Sancfions, Disimestment, and US Cor
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S m h , Disimtmt, and US Corpmation
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Sanctions, Disim)mwtt, and US Gnpmf
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Sanctions, Disinvesfmnt, and US Cor
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Sutrcfions, Disimiment, and US Gorp
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Sanctions, Disimstment, and US Gqwr
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emoved the immediate pressure on So
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Sanctions, Disinvestment, and US Co
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Su-# Disimbt, nnd US Corpemtiolns r
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92 Sanctioning Apartheid to disinve
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elevance: people were asked directl
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0nehaSwa~thefierp~geandhDstilea~tud
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had suffered psychoIogically). "The
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ment would amount to a dosing d m o
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ut at the same time it is isdemhhg
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Sanctionkg Apartheid military optio
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Sanctioning Apartheid Asikpd: 64; N
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and to feel that it has brought ver
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affechg business confidence in that
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abes have chopped to just over 12%
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17re Impact of New Sanctions agains
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The Impact of New Sanctions againsf
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7Ice Impncf of New Sandions agninsl
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The Impd of Nao Smh'm against South
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The Impact of Neut Sanctions agains
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The Iftff~ct of Nau Sanctions again
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The Impncf of New Sanctions against
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The Inrpf of New Sancriens against
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The Impact of New Sanctions against
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The Imp& of New bctions against Sou
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The Imp3 of Near Sunclions against
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The I mpd of Neut Sandimrs against
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more, as Randall Robin emphaswd, if
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Table 1 Sales of US affiliatd opera
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paid jobs nor landg Forced removals
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Table 2 Major United Statea Expmbj
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Bo- ktho, and Swaziland all depiwld
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manufa- iglports they require from
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154 Sanctioning Aprrfheid Sanctiom
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Scraps of evidence suggest that in
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earned in an hour. Dekdhe work is n
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Sanctioning Apaftheid 3. "rum Up He
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27. Aqglo had prmhdy aq&d a growing
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THE OIL EMBARGO AGAINST' SOUTH AFRI
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The Oil Embargo against South qFica
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The Oil Embargo ugargarmt South A m
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egulations, the oil companies remai
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ite Oil Embnrgo agargarnst South AJ
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The Oil Embargo againsf South Afric
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7?ze Oil Embnsgo ap'ns5 Solrth Afri
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The Oil Embargo against South Afric
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HIGH-TECH SANCTIONS: MORE BARK THAN
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High-Tech Samtiotxs exported by Ame
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High-Tech Smctbns African high-tech
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High-Tech Sanctions 187 Case One: U
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High-Tech Sanctions There are numem
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High-Tech Sancfions the restriction
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High-Tach Sanctions 19. m d o r a i
Page 206 and 207: Sanctioning Apartheid wages average
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Page 210 and 211: Sanctioning Apartheid The ban would
Page 212 and 213: 2 The gold market could well profit
Page 214 and 215: 204 Sanctioning Apartheid The finan
Page 216 and 217: 206 Sanctioning Apartheid are the s
Page 218 and 219: Sanctioning Apartheid high gold pri
Page 221 and 222: SANCTIONS AND FINANCING SOUTH AFRIC
Page 223 and 224: Snncfions and Financing South Afric
Page 225 and 226: Sanctions and Fim'ng South AAfrr's
Page 227 and 228: Sanctions and Financing South AFjcn
Page 229 and 230: SamW and Finnncing South Africu's F
Page 231 and 232: Sanctiotrs and Financing South Afn'
Page 233 and 234: Sanctions and Financing South Afrim
Page 235 and 236: SIIlrntions and FWng South Afn'm's
Page 237 and 238: Sanctions and Financing South Afrrc
Page 239 and 240: Sandions mrd Financing South Africa
Page 241 and 242: Sanetiam and Finam'ng South Africa'
Page 243 and 244: Sanctias and Financing South Africa
Page 245 and 246: Samfiom and Financing South Africa'
Page 247 and 248: Sawlions and Financing South Africa
Page 249 and 250: SamW and Financing South Afim's For
Page 251: Smrdions and Financing South Afica'
Page 254 and 255: Sanctioning Aprfheid This threat wa
Page 258 and 259: Table 2 1986 Platinum Imports I-*8
Page 260 and 261: Notes a. Bureau of Mines, Prqnint f
Page 262 and 263: 252 Sanctioning Apartheid on vanadi
Page 264 and 265: 9. ~ u o f ~ , ~ ~ ~ l 9 8 6 B u n
Page 266 and 267: the w d cmmunity. How the Frontline
Page 268 and 269: 258 Sanctioning Apartheid and gener
Page 270 and 271: 260 Sanctioning Apartheid The optim
Page 272 and 273: 262 Sanctioning Apartheid Contingen
Page 274 and 275: the podbility of a sudden clamre of
Page 276 and 277: 266 Sanctioning Aparfheid launched
Page 278 and 279: dwkicms percolatd to the public alm
Page 280 and 281: y diverfing their London Bights thr
Page 282 and 283: 272 Snnching Apartheid humiljating
Page 284 and 285: his &camfort. Accordingly, on 21 Ju
Page 286 and 287: 276 Sanctioning Apartheid which the
Page 288 and 289: Sanctioning Apartheid Of immediate
Page 290 and 291: 280 Sanctioning Apartheid &M Botswa
Page 292 and 293: azmmmity on the question of Namibia
Page 294 and 295: 22, Colin "Ma FrontIine Sbabes get
Page 296 and 297: Assbme to Fronthe Stafes had been a
Page 298 and 299: 47. TimesI 28 July lWI 7. Following
Page 300 and 301: Table 1 Zimbabtw Znrnbia Six LundhM
Page 302 and 303: 78. Hanlon, Btggm Ym Neighhum* 75,m
Page 304 and 305: Given that fact, a primary corn is
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developmgnt of Southern Rhodesia, A
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298 Sanctioning Apmthd involved in
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ed to the integrity of the South Af
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Sanctioning Apartheid creates a nat
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in 19815 to UA%9,127,OQO in 1984 an
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3[P6 Sancfwning Apartheid flying to
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Msnegi wa Dikgang/The Reporter put
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310 Smctiuning Apartheid at least i
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312 Sanctioning Aprrtheid criticism
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314 Sanctioning Aparfheid the South
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Sanctioning Apartheid would probabl
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Sntlcfioning Apartheid to the anti-
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Sanctioning Apartheid 9. See the di
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SOUTH AFRICAN SANCTIONS BREAKING IN
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south Afrwm Smrctim Ereding in S ou
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South Afrimn Sanctions Braking in S
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South Afnam Sanctions Braaking in S
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South Afncan Sanctions Braking in S
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South Afncan Sanctions Braking in S
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South African Smictions Breaking in
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Soufh African Sanctions Breaking in
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SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA: LES
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Sanctias against Soufh Africa: Leso
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Sanctions against South Africa: LPs
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Sanctions against South Africa: Les
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SanctiDns againsf South Africa: Les
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Sanctions against South Afn'cn: Les
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358 Sanctioning Apartheid policy ob
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Such success gives the lie to South
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Sanctioning Apartheid Prime Ministe
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-tm ! ts71n2 t t ~ ~ p d I W S ~ 1
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366 Sanctioning Apartheid biggest c
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368 Sanctioning Apartheid and Beia
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370 Sanctioning Apartheid tend to b
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Sanctioning ApartM ing the dependen
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suffering from drought, economic co
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376 Smtiming Apartheid to attempt t
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Sanctioning Rpmfheid 10. The market
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TPI[E CLJLTLWiL BOYCOTT OF SOUTH AF
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The Cultural Boycott 4 Smith Africa
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TSlt Cuftuml Boyco f f of Sou fh Af
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The Cultuml Bqm# of Soufh Afrim EIE
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The Cultural Boycott of South Afrun
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The Cullural Bqywtf of South Aj%a (
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The Cultural Boycott of South Afrim
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The Cultural Boycuff of South Afric
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THE CULTUWiL BOYCOTT OF SOUTH AFRIC
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The Cultural Boycott of South Afric
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llre Cultufal Bpywff of South AfPia
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The Cdlural Bqmtt of South Afrim 1I
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The Culbral Baycoff of South Afriut
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The Cultural Boym# of Soufh A W III
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The Culhrral Boycatf of South Afric
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The CdWl Boycott of South Africn (I
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EDITOR Robert Edgar is hwdate Profe
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John Lind is the amutive director o
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Pe$e's Rights in m Unjust World: fh
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hswiation of Westem Europ an Parlia
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US companiesS 77-79,183 90 Confedem
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smuggling 19648,200, 2D6W SOUXIZ 1W
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Sanctioning Apartheid Letsie, Skl-m
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Olympic Ahways 287 Oman 174 Ontd I8
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oil 16678 ~ t a ] CsGeMViduaE s nam
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uranitlm 178 US d m l@htion 10-1 1
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