Sanctioning Apartheid - KORA

The Oil Embargo againsf South Africa 175
a charter party that the final destination of the cargo(es) involved
is either South Africa or Namibia
The aude oil on board the tankers is usually sold to South
Africa's SFF by oil traders. Three companies deserve special
atlention: Transworld Oil, based in the Netherlands and Bermuda
and owned by the Dutchman, John Deuss; Marc Rich and Co.,
AG, bayed in Switzerland and owned by Marc Rich; and
Marimpex, based in the Federal Republic of Germany and owned
by Gert Lutter. During 1979-1983, Transworld Oil delivered at
least 25 v t of SDuth Africa's need for imporid crude oil. In
October 1987, the company issued a statement to the eflect that
the company had recently stopped delivering crude oiI to South
Africa. According to the Shipping Research Bureau's research
£indings for 1981-1985, Marimpex delivered at least about 9
percent of South Africa's needs, and Marc Rich (still personally
wanted for tax evasion in the US) at least about 6% since 1979.
The Bureau has not been able to identify the owners of the
renuhbg 160% of imported volume.
Despite their prominent involvement in the secret oil trade
with South Africa, these companies appear to have no diffidties
in -ding with those oil-exporting countries whose oil, contrary
to their offitial policies, regularly ends up in South Africa.
In the field of oil exploration, a large number of companies,
especially from the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of
&manyI are invoIved in the transfer of technology to Suth
Africa- At the same time, a small number of British-based
subsidiaries sf South African companies are participating in
North Sea oil production. The huge SBL plants could not have
been built without capital and technology transferred by
companies based in the Federal Republic of Gennany, France,
and Switzerland. None of these countries have taken any steps
to prevent companies under their jurisdiction from assisting the
South Afsican government with capital and technology in its
searchforoiL
Lastly, the oil embargo is violated daily by the subsidhies
of five Western ail majors owning refineries in South Africa:
Royal Dutrh/Shell, British Petroleum, Caltex (Socal and Texaco),
and Total Oil.