Sanctioning Apartheid - KORA

through Swadmd and take advantage of a provision of the
&&Apartheid Act that exempts goods produced in South
Afsica's neighbors and exported through South Africa from any
restrictions. As Booth explains, "the exemption encompassed
such pducts of S&d as were "orted, graded,
packaged, repaJsaged, marked, contahakd, or otherwise
servicedy in South Africa; md it pcluded goods produced in
Swaziland by private South &can ctpitaL" Since Swaziland
does not enforce local content regulati~w~ it is also possible for
South African firms to ship their goods to wwarehouses in
Swaziland, place a 'Made in Swaziland" stamp on them, and
export them to unsuspecting countries.
Southern African states are an obvious starting point for
sancti011~-busting efforts, but, as John Daniels has argued
elsewhere, there ate many other outlets-Israel, TaiwanJ the
Comores kkmds-that South Africa uses, He also pinpaints
Anglo American's rmbsichyt MINORCO, the key arm for Anglo's
investplgnts in Westem Europe and North America, which allows
Anglo to "sanitize its investment" and "operate from a secure
base."" An indimtor of the importance that South Africa places
on evading sanctions is hat 5,700 of 8,000 registered Sauth
African exporters were established in the last two years.*
Cultural Boycott
The campaign for imposing economic sanctions on 911th
Africa has attracted the most discussion in recent years, but it
should not detract from an equally vital debate over the cultural
boycott with South fro. Over the years, the cultural boycott-
of sportspasons, musichw, academics, playwrights, and writers
performing or having their works performed in South Ahka-
has been highly mcexful. But, as Larry Shore and MbdePo
Mzamane argue, as cultural resistance inside South Africa has
escalated in recent years and has proved to be a major challenge
to the apartheid regime, it has become necessary for representa-
tives of the mass democratic movement inside and outside South
Africa to modify the boycott and come up with a viable alterna-
tive that promotes and does not stifle cultural activities. The new