Sanctioning Apartheid - KORA

The intamfional community should continue to press
br change in South Africa's racial policies, deploying
mctions or other peaceful measures. But its members
must not fail to build into such actions consideration
for the speeial ngeds of South Africa's neighbors,
wiPLing as we are to sacrifice, but not to die as nations,
in order to help bring an end to apartheid?'
Hawever many areas of leverage South Afrio has on its
neighbors, sanctions are still a doubleedged sword On the one
hand, Swth Africa can punish states that support sanctions; on
the sther hand, South Africa needs regional trade even more to
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losses elsewhere, and its ability to soften the impact of
sanctions is directly related to its ability to evade them through
neighboring countries. In other words, as Jack Parsons puts it,
the "management of the sanctions environment" is a mxxsity for
the South African government, and he shows how complex this
is in the case of Botswana. The Botswana government has had
a very consistent policy on suppurling international sanctions,
but at the same time, Botswana has a petty bourgeoisie with
extensive ties to Sauth African capital, which may, wittingly or
unwittingly, aid South African sanctions-busting efforts. At the
same time, Botswana has benefitted in some ways from sanctions
through added international flights between Botswana and
Europe, the relocation of multinationals from South Africa, and
the development of lucal industries such as the soda ash deposits
at Sua Pan. The latter presents a dilemma to the Botswana
government because the soda ash deposits are being exploited
due to South African feaa that the US will cut off soda ash
deposits to South Africa at some point. In this mse, Botswana
has acquired one more card for bargaining with South Africa,
while South Africa is better able to gscape the sting of sanctions.
Of all southern African states, Swaziland has been the most
receptive to working with South African companies to circumvent
sanctions. Alan Booth shows that Swazi businesses
countered an economic downturn in Swaziland by courting
tmm~tional corporations such as Coca Cola, which have
rehated their plants from South Africa to Swaziland, but still
tap the Scluth AErirran market and by attracting South African
investorsf who, in turn, have been able to send their goods